邊境治理與衝擊下之觀光發展態度形成-金門小三通暫停實證分析

Formation of Attitudes toward Tourism Development under Border Governance and Impacts: Empirical Analysis of Suspension of the Mini-three-links in Kinmen

金門是臺灣在1949年兩岸分治後，首個對中國開放的地區，「小三通」政策曾於疫情期間暫停實施。本研究探討了邊境治理與疫情衝擊下，金門居民的觀光影響認知如何影響其觀光發展態度的形成。本研究運用了歸因理論，將居民對社會文化、環境、和經濟影響的正面和負面觀光影響認知，分別建構為整體正向和負向的二階觀光影響構念。研究結果顯示，居民在疫情衝擊而暫停小三通影響下的觀光影響認知對其觀光發展態度有直接影響，其中正面環境影響對觀光發展態度產生正向影響，而負面經濟影響則為顯著負向影響作用。此外，整體正向觀光影響的二階構念對居民的觀光發展態度也具有顯著影響。研究最後提供了理論與實務的管理意涵，為應對未來可能發生的未知衝擊影響，提供了永續觀光管理實踐建議。

Kinmen was the first region of Taiwan to open access to China after the 1949 cross-strait separation. Taiwan suspended the“mini-three-links”policy amid the pandemic. This study examined the perceptions of Kinmen residents regarding the tourism impacts and the formation of their attitudes toward tourism development under border governance, as well as the impact of the pandemic. The study applied attribution theory to conceptualize residents’perceptions of positive and negative socio-cultural, environmental, and economic tourism impacts as formative second-order constructs, representing overall positive and negative tourism impacts, respectively. The findings suggest that residents’perceptions of the tourism impact under the suspension of the mini-three-links policy, due to the pandemic’s impact, have a direct effect on their attitudes toward tourism development. Specifically, positive environmental impacts had a positive influence on tourism attitudes, while negative economic impacts had a significant negative effect. Moreover, the formative second-order construct of overall positive tourism impact perception significantly influenced residents’attitudes toward tourism. The study offers theoretical and practical management implications, providing sustainable tourism management practices for addressing unknown future impacts.