長效型注射抗精神病藥物在思覺失調症早期治療應用

The Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in the Early Treatment of Schizophrenia

思覺失調症為一種需長期治療且高復發風險的慢性精神疾病，治療依從性不佳常導致病情反覆與功能退化。長效型注射抗精神病藥物（long-acting injectable antipsychotics，LAIs）具備穩定血中濃度、提升依從性及降低復發率等優勢，逐漸受到臨床重視。本文綜述LAIs之藥理機轉、劑型特性與臨床成效，並與口服製劑進行比較，進一步探討其在早期治療階段的應用潛力。文獻指出，LAIs不僅能減少住院率與復發風險，更有助於改善患者生活品質與社會功能，特別在疾病初期即介入治療時，效果更為顯著。未來應致力於克服其臨床應用障礙，透過藥物副作用管理、多專業團隊合作及醫療政策支持，推動LAIs在個別化與具長期效益的治療策略中之更廣泛應用，促進思覺失調症患者之穩定與康復。

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with high relapse risk, requiring long-term treatment. Poor medication adherence often leads to symptom recurrence and functional deterioration. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) offer advantages such as stable plasma concentrations, improved adherence, and reduced relapse rates, and are increasingly recognized in clinical practice. This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms, formulation characteristics, and clinical efficacy of LAIs, and compares them with oral antipsychotics. The potential application of LAIs in early treatment is also discussed. Evidence indicates that LAIs can not only reduce hospitalization and relapse risk but also improve patients' quality of life and social functioning, particularly when implemented during the early phase of illness. Future efforts should focus on overcoming clinical barriers, including side effect management, and promoting multidisciplinary team collaboration and policy support to expand the individualized and long-term therapeutic benefits of LAIs, thereby facilitating stabilization and recovery in patients with schizophrenia.