《壇經》審美精柛性與楊元太藝術禪意：天心月圓、月落相見

The Aesthetic Spirituality of Platform Sutra and Zen in Y. T. Yang's Art

禪宗《六祖壇經》思想在藝術與美學領域有重要之地位，而且《壇經》審美精神性對藝術主體之自我發現與發展深具啟示作用。許多傳統文人畫家與當代東西方藝術家頗重視《壇經》理念，如當代知名藝術家楊元太（1939-2024）亦深具《壇經》之素養。因此本文研究目的包括四方面：（一）闡釋《壇經》思想在藝術主體性之意涵；（二）闡釋《壇經》思想在藝術智慧之意涵；（三）闡釋《壇經》思想在美感境界之意涵；（四）分析楊元太藝術之當代審美精神性特質與禪意。本文之發現可歸納為以下四方面：其一、審美精神性之生命存在主體——藝術主體性方面，包括：（一）自性本具，觀心頓見；（二）本無一物，離見頓悟，（三）自性般若，含具萬法；與（四）三無本心，不取不捨等範疇。其二、生命存在之智慧——藝術智慧方面包括：（一）菩提般若，智慧觀照；（二）不二法門，究極圓滿，（三）轉識成智，定慧等持；與（四）辯證超越，善巧方便等範疇。其三、存在心靈之境界——美感境界方面包括：（一）般若三昧，遊戲三昧；（二）一行三昧，一相三昧；（三）圓明涅槃，無相實相；（四）相應真如，自性三寶；與（五）萬法心生，自性自度等範疇。以及其四、楊元太藝術之當代審美精神性特質與禪意，其晚年尤以《壇經》思想為生命歸趣，且不僅表現出作品之深度意義與高度禪意境，也顯示其藝術生命歷程中趨向自我發現、轉化與超越之理想。最後，本文以「天心月圓、月落相見」之隱喻來詮釋曹溪禪之哲理與美感境界。

The Zen thoughts in the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch plays an important role in the fields of art and aesthetics. In addition, the aesthetic spirituality of the Platform Sutra is profoundly heuristic to self-discovery and development of the art subjectivity. Many traditional literati painters and contemporary Eastern and Western artists tend to cherish the ideas involved in the Platform Sutra, such as the contemporary well-known artist, Yuan-Tai Yang (1939-2024), immersed in the Platform Sutra. Therefore, the objectives of this article include four aspects: (a) to interpret the implication of the Platform Sutra thoughts for art subjectivity; (b) to interpret the implication of the Platform Sutra thoughts for art intelligence; and (c) to interpret the implication of the Platform Sutra thoughts for aesthetic state of mind; and (d) to analyze the features of contemporary aesthetic spirituality and Zen in Yuan-Tai Yang’s art. The conclusion can be reduced as: (a) art subjectivity——including the categories of inborn self-nature and contemplation, nothingness and sudden enlightenment, inborn Prajna (wisdom) and embracing all dharmas/principles, as well as the original mind without thought, without form, without abiding and neither grasping nor releasing; (b) art intelligence——including the categories of Enlightenment-perfection, transforming consciousness into wisdom and equal holding tranquility and wisdom, as well as transcendence through dialectics and skillful means; (c) aesthetic state of mind——including the categories of Prajna Samadhi (deep meditative concentration) Prajna (wisdom) and contemplation, nonduality and ultimate and play Samadhi, one-action (one-line) Samadhi and one form (single-minded) Samadhi, perfect Nirvana and formless reality, corresponding to suchness (thusness) and self-nature three jewels, as well as all phenomena arising from the mind and self-salvation through self-nature; and (d) the features and Zen in Yuan-Tai Yang’s art including his integrating the aesthetics of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, as well as studying the Platform Sutra as pursuit of meaning in his golden years, and hence not only expressing deep meaning and high state of Zen mind, but also revealing his life goal of realizing self-discovery, transforming and transcendence. Finally, this article utilizes the metaphor of“sky full moon, setting moon”to interpret the philosophical and aesthetic mind state of Caoxi Zen.