醫院護病比儀表板：應用程式介面的建立

Hospital Nurse-to-Patient Ratio Dashboard: Building the Application Programming Interface (API)

護病比是衡量醫療照護品質與病人安全的重要指標，但傳統統計呈現方式不易即時比較與解讀。本研究建立一套可視化的「醫院護病比儀表板」，結合輪廓分數（–1至1）與內聚係數（0至1）兩項偏離指標，用以評估不同醫院層級內護病比的聚類穩定性與群內一致性。資料來源為健保署2024年全日平均護病比的逐月紀錄，涵蓋醫學中心（25家）、區域醫院（83家）及地區醫院（299家）。我們示範台大醫院12個月資料，分別套用三層級情境，檢視其雙指標與常模的差異，以補足僅依平均護病比進行比較的不足。儀表板提供互動篩選功能，使用者可依層級、情境、及偏離指標進行比較分析；另示範應用程式介面，供醫院建立自己的護病比儀表板。結果顯示，台大醫院在醫學中心層級的百分位數為第24位（輪廓分數0.34；內聚係數0.58）、區域醫院為第1.2位（0.10；–0.79）、地區醫院為第32.11位（0.07；–0.85），表示台大醫院護病比居醫學中心的Q4（偏佳）位置，偏離指標呈現適於列入醫學中心的分組。此項「醫院護病比儀表板」顯示指定醫院在護病比不同常模下的的落差，即時呈現應用程式介面的結果，協助管理者快速辨識異常或其改善的需要。

The nurse-to-patient ratio is a key indicator of healthcare quality and patient safety, yet traditional statistical reports limit timely comparison and interpretation. This study developed a visual＇Hospital Nurse-to-Patient Ratio Dashboard＇integrating Silhouette Score (–1 to 1) and Cohesion Coefficient (0 to 1) to assess clustering stability and within-group consistency across hospital levels. Data came from the National Health Insurance Administration’s 2024 monthly 24-hour average nurse-to-patient ratios, covering 25 medical centers, 83 regional hospitals, and 299 district hospitals. Using 12 months of data from National Taiwan University Hospital, we compared results under three reference groups, revealing differences from normative patterns beyond average ratios. The dashboard supports interactive filtering by hospital level, scenario, and deviation metrics. We also demonstrate an application interface to help hospitals build their own nurse-to-patient ratio dashboards. Results showed NTU Hospital ranked at the 24th percentile among medical centers (0.34; 0.58), 1.2th among regional hospitals (0.10;–0.79), and 32.11th among district hospitals (0.07;–0.85), with deviation indicators aligning more closely to the medical center category. These findings highlight variability in staffing stability across reference groups. This difference shows how the hospital’s nurse-to-patient ratio varies across different normative peer groups. The dashboard presents staffing quality in real time, helping managers quickly spot anomalies or areas needing improvement.