印尼卡羅族巴塔克人「倫格特恩格魯」傳統的轉型：保存「五鼓合奏」與促進棉蘭「加里斯塔傳統屋」的觀光

Transforming the Rengget Nggeluh Tradition of the Karo Batak in Indonesia: Preserving Gendang Lima Sendalanen and Promoting Tourism at Rumah Adat Garista, Medan

「倫格特恩格魯」是印尼卡羅族巴塔克人融合歌曲、敘事與儀式元素的傳統聲樂器樂藝術。其核心元素「五鼓合奏」正面臨現代化浪潮與年輕世代興趣衰退的雙重威脅。本研究旨在將倫格特恩格魯傳統創意地轉型為當代表演形式，以推動棉蘭辛邦塞拉揚「加里斯塔傳統屋」的文化旅遊，同時守護其核心文化價值。研究分三階段進行：辨識倫格特恩格魯的特色、根據這些特色創作新樂曲、呈現改編後的表演形式。透過探索與分析卡羅族傳統音樂元素，本研究為倫格特恩格魯製作新樂譜，並由兒童及青少年排練演出。改編後的表演融合庫爾查皮琴、「三鼓合奏」等傳統樂器，結合青年人聲、動態編舞及精選當代元素。研究結果顯示，此轉型成功將倫格特恩格魯重新詮釋為面向文化觀光的表演形式，且沒有減弱其文化本真性。此創意改編不僅提升大眾對「五鼓合奏」的鑑賞力，更強化社區認同感，增加其作為加里斯塔傳統屋文化景點的吸引力。研究結果顯示，創意轉型能有效防止文化衰退，促進地方觀光發展，並可作為保存其他印尼表演藝術傳統的典範。

Rengget nggeluh is a traditional vocal and instrumental art form of the Karo Batak people in Indonesia that integrates song, narrative, and ritual elements. One of its central components, gendang lima sendalanen (five-drum ensemble), is increasingly under threat from the pressures of modernization and declining interest among younger generations. This study explores the creative transformation of rengget nggeluh into a contemporary performance format to support cultural tourism at Rumah Adat Garista, Simpang Selayang, Medan, while preserving its core cultural values. The research is conducted in three stages: identifying the characteristics of rengget nggeluh, creating a new musical composition based on these characteristics, and presenting the adapted performance form. Through exploration and analysis of traditional Karo musical elements, this study produces a new musical score for rengget nggeluh, which is rehearsed and performed by children and adolescents. The adapted performance incorporates traditional instruments, such as kulcapi and gendang telu sendalanen (three-drum ensemble), with youth vocal performance, choreographed movement, and selected contemporary elements. The findings demonstrate that this transformation recontextualizes rengget nggeluh into a cultural tourism-oriented performance without diminishing its cultural authenticity. This creative adaptation not only enhances public appreciation of gendang lima sendalanen but also strengthens community identity and increases its appeal as a cultural attraction at Rumah Adat Garista. The study concludes that creative transformation can effectively prevent the decline of cultural forms while promoting local tourism development and may serve as a model for preserving other performing arts traditions in Indonesia.