血液透析護理師靈性照護行為之預測因子：死亡態度與靈性健康的角色

Predictors of Spiritual Care Behavior among Hemodialysis Nurses: The Roles of Death Attitudes and Spiritual Health

背景：台灣血液透析疾病的發生率及盛行率皆位居世界前茅，靈性是患者重要的因應策略，能協助患者因應疾病與治療對生命意義與價值的衝擊。血液透析護理師作為與患者接觸最頻繁的醫療專業人員，其對死亡的認知與個人靈性狀態可能影響其提供靈性照護的能力與行為表現。
研究目的：探討血液透析護理師之死亡態度與靈性健康對其靈性照護行為的預測力與相關性。
方法：採橫斷式相關性研究設計，透過方便取樣，招募162名血液透析護理師。研究工具包括「死亡態度量表」、「靈性健康量表」和「靈性照顧行為量表」等結構式問卷，資料以SPSS24.0版進行描述性與推論性統計分析。
結果：死亡態度的「中性接受」面向與「靈性健康」和靈性照護行為得分呈顯著正相關（r =.190，p <.05；r =.603，p <.01）。多元線性回歸分析顯示，靈性健康是靈性照護行為的重要預測因子（F =45.708，p <.001），可解釋35.7%的變異量。此外，高達91.36%的護理師近兩年未參加靈性相關訓練。
結論：本研究突顯血液透析護理師的靈性健康對提供靈性照護行為的關鍵影響，並指出臨床護理師在靈性訓練上的缺口，結果可以做為未來規劃在職教育課程與推動血液透析患者靈性照護的重要依據。

Given that Taiwan has one of the highest global prevalence rates of hemodialysis, spirituality serves as a vital coping mechanism for patients navigating the profound life changes associated with long-term treatment. This study employed a cross-sectional correlational design to investigate how the death attitudes and personal spiritual health of 162 hemodialysis nurses influence their professional spiritual care behaviors. Using structured assessments including the Death Attitude Scale, Spiritual Health Scale, and Spiritual Care Behavior Scale, the research found that both a neutral acceptance of death (r = .190, p < .05) and robust spiritual health (r = .603, p < .01) were significantly positively correlated with the delivery of spiritual care. Multiple linear regression analysis further identified spiritual health as a primary predictor of these behaviors (F = 45.708, p < .001), accounting for 35.7% of the total variance. Despite these findings, a staggering 91.36% of nurses had not participated in spiritual care training in the past two years, highlighting a critical educational gap. These results underscore the necessity of integrating spiritual health and death education into nursing curricula to enhance the quality of holistic care provided to hemodialysis patients.