越南裴輝松《四禮略集》對喪禮的詮解──兼論與《壽梅家禮》之關係

The Interpretation of Funerals in Vietnamese Bùi Huy Tùng's TứLễLược Tập - Also Discussing its Relationship with ThọMai Gia Lễ

本文以越南阮朝裴輝松（字秀嶺，1792-1862，主要活動於阮聖祖時期）《四禮略集》為對象。考量越南禮俗文化實情、全書四禮各佔比例等因素，故專就裴輝松對喪葬儀式的詮解進行探討，一來確立此書在越南家禮發展中的定位，二來說明該書與通行傳統越南社會之《壽梅家禮》之聯繫，了解裴輝松折衷中、越禮俗之道。文章首先介紹裴輝松生平與成書背景。其次探討對喪葬儀式的詮解內容，主要著眼在民情風俗、技術與數術、禮學觀念三面向。另外舉「虞」、「禫」二儀節為例，梳理《四禮略集》與《壽梅家禮》的關係。文章指出：朱子《家禮》不晚於後黎朝時已參與禮典制度，並以中越順化為中心，以點狀分散的方式向南方傳播。位於北越河內的裴輝松與昇龍名仕共組嚮善會，力圖推廣真知實學以改變學風。裴輝松結合當地文址、如月堂書坊，進行編書等文教事業。他所持「禮由心生」的立場，能禮俗兼採廣蒐諸家禮說，折衷取捨。從書中對《壽梅家禮》等在地禮書多有引述、少有批評，在詮解儀節的內容安排上，大量徵引儒家禮學、經學資源（如徐乾學《讀禮通考》），可知目的是補充《壽梅家禮》，充實越人自身家禮文化。裴輝松博採禮學資源詮解家禮，體現家禮在東亞文化圈中重文獻考據的發展面向，值得關注。

This article focuses on Bùi Huy Tùng and his work TứLễLược Tập from the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnam. Considering the cultural context of Vietnamese rituals and the proportion of the four rites covered in the book, the discussion is specifically on Bùi Huy Tùng's interpretation of funeral rituals. The goals are to establish the book's position in the development of Vietnamese family rituals and to analyze its connection with the traditional ThọMai Gia Lễused in Vietnamese society to understand how Bùi Huy Tùng reconciled Chinese and Vietnamese customs. The article first introduces Bùi Huy Tùng's life and the background of the book's creation. Then, it explores the content of the funeral rituals, focusing on three aspects: folk customs, techniques and numerology, and ritual theory. Additionally, the article uses the examples of the ''Yu'' and ''Dan'' ceremonies to examine the relationship between TứLễLược Tậpand ThọMai Gia Lễ. Zhu Xi's Family Rituals had already influenced the ceremonial system by the later LêDynasty, spreading from Huếto the south in a fragmented manner. Bùi Huy Tùng, based in Hanoi in northern Vietnam, joined with other scholars in Thăng Long to form the Hội Hướng Thiện, aiming to promote true knowledge and change academic practices. Combining local cultural sites like văn chỉ, the NhưNguyệtđường Bookstore, he engaged in literary and educational activities such as book compilation. Bùi Huy Tùng's stance of ''rituals arise from the heart'' allowed him to extensively gather and select various ritualistic theories without avoiding popular customs. His book extensively cites and supplements local ritual books like ThọMai Gia Lễ, with minimal criticism, and heavily draws from Confucian ritual theory and classical studies, such as Xu Qianxue's Dulitongkao. This approach aimed to enrich Vietnamese family rituals by supplementing ThọMai Gia Lễ. Bùi Huy Tùng's extensive use of ritualistic resources to interpret family rituals highlights the importance of documentary research in the development of family rituals within the East Asian cultural sphere, which deserves attention.