運動員心理安全感：範域性回顧

Athlete psychological safety: A scoping review

心理安全感是近期運動心理學新穎議題，不僅能促進個人福祉亦能提升團隊表現。然而，過往探討心理安全感研究未將運動員從此研究脈絡中獨立出來，使目前研究大多混淆其餘角色證據，不清楚運動員心理安全感定義、研究方法，以及研究成果現況。為釐清上述問題，本研究以範域綜述整理運動員心理安全感定義及工具、研究方法及結果，經三個資料庫與向前搜尋，初步篩選289篇後納入22篇（2018-2025）。結果顯示，多數研究沿用Edmondson定義及工具（81.82%，57.89%），採橫斷面與問卷調查（95.45%，81.82%），鮮少採用縱貫與訪談法（4.55%，13.64%）。心理安全感前因聚焦於教練領導與行為，而結果變數則多探討心理健康指標（36.36%，45.45%）。這些結果揭示雖然運動員心理安全感研究主要移植組織情境定義、研究方法，但其研究旨趣已從原本聚焦「學習行為」議題擴展至促進選手「心理健康」議題。其中教練更是扮演促進選手心理安全感重要角色。整體而言，本研究也提供實務應用方式（如測量運動員心理健康之心理安全感採用SPSI），並指明未來研究方向（如可系統性地整理運動員心理安全感理論與模型），也增進研究人員對運動員心理安全感理解。

There has been an increasing interest in psychological safety in sports, which not only fosters individual well-being but also team performance. However, most previous studies described psychological safety without categorizing the athletes from the studies. The lack of categorization confounded the evidence across different roles, resulting in the definitions, methods, and outcomes related to athletes being ambiguous. To solve these problems, we conducted a scoping review to systematically synthesize studies on athletes’psychological safety, map its definitions, measurement tools, and research methods, and classify antecedents and outcomes. A systematic search of three databases and forward searches (2018-2025) identified 289 records, of which 22 studies were included. The results indicated that most adopted Edmondson’s definition and measurement tool (81.82%, 57.89%) and used cross-sectional designs with questionnaires (95.45%, 81.82%). And these studies rarely employed longitudinal research and interview methods (4.55%, 13.64%). Psychological safety antecedents mainly involved coaching leadership and behavior, while outcomes focused on mental health (36.36%, 45.45%). Our findings suggest that while current research on athletes’psychological safety has largely transplanted definitions, measures, and research methods from organizational settings, the research focus has evolved from learning behavior to mental health issues. Specifically, coaches serve a critical role that fosters athletes’psychological safety. In summary, this study offers practical implications, such as measuring psychological safety related to athletes’mental health issues, employing SPSI, and pointing to future research directions, including systematically synthesizing the theory or models of athletes’psychological safety to further enhance understanding of athletes’psychological safety.