電動車公共充電樁設施設置需求評估模式之建立與應用

Development and Application of Demand Assessment Model for Public Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

隨著地球溫室效應所造成的氣候暖化及化石能源逐漸耗竭，節能減碳成為國際眾所關注之重要議題，我國政府亦響應全球議題提出2050年淨零排碳政策目標，期望藉由各項運具電動化數量的提升及相關環境改善配套計畫的實施促進電動車輛普及，以此促成臺灣2050淨零排放之目標。為評估達到上述政策目標所需之公共充電設施，以利政府進行相關配套措施之研擬與規劃，本研究建立臺灣本島各縣市公共充電設施需求評估模式，並藉由電動車使用者之公共充電樁設施需求特性調查，結合外部資料蒐集與應用，進行未來各年期之公共充電樁設置數量需求預測，最後以一行政分區為例，進行各年期之公共充電樁佈設最佳化決策，示範本研究成果之可能政策應用。

With climate warming caused by the global greenhouse effect and the gradual depletion of fossil energy, energy conservation and carbon reduction have become an important issue of international concern. Taiwan government has committed to achieving the global issues by proposing a 2050 net-zero carbon emission policy goal and promoted it through the Ministry of Transportation and Communication is spearheading the strategy of ''Electrification and Decarbonization of Vehicles.'' This strategy aims to promote the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) through increased numbers of electrified vehicles and supportive environmental improvement measures. The plan includes full electrification of urban buses and government vehicles by 2030, and achieving a 100% market share of electric passenger cars by 2040, thereby contributing to Taiwan’s goal of Net Zero Emission by 2050. To assess the public charging infrastructure required to achieve the aforementioned policy objectives and facilitate the government in developing related support measures and planning, this study establishes a demand assessment model for public charging facilities in each county and city on Taiwan's main island. By conducting a survey on the demand characteristics of public charging facilities among EV users, combined with the collection and application of external data, the study forecasts the demand for the number of public charging facilities for the future periods. Finally, using an administrative district as an example, the optimization of public charging facility location for each period is conducted to demonstrate the potential policy applications of this study's findings.