民族性（臺灣）政治哲學：一個方法論主張

A Methodological Account of National (Taiwanese) Political Philosophy

本文探討兩個問題：（1）能否有民族性政治哲學（NPP）這門學科？如果有，發展這門學科的方法是什麼？（2）這個提案有多大的價值？我首先檢視陳瑞麟的群體建構理論（group-construction theory）。按該理論的建議，NPP的主體性等同於一個致力發展它的群體的主體性。然而，這個論述並不令人滿意。因為它或者預設一門「學科」沒有真正的主體性，又或者犯了範疇上的錯誤，把NPP的主體性等同於建立NPP之團體的主體性。承上，我將從民族的觀點，搭配Sangiovanni的實務依賴理論，提出建構NPP的一個方法，稱為民族的實務依賴（NPD）。NPD使NPP成為現實，因為理論化的原則關乎政治可行性，指引我們行動。它也有助於識別和維護一民族社群中的道德面向。然而，NPP在平衡民族利益與其他道德利益間的分寸面臨挑戰。它的理論成果也因此要與其他觀點進行權衡。故我的結論是：只有在同時關照全球正義和／或少數族群觀點的補充下，NPP的價值才足以彰顯。

This article explores two issues: (1) Can there be a national political philosophy (NPP) as a discipline, and if so, what methods, if any, might be used to develop such a discipline? (2) How valuable might a national political philosophy be? I first examine Ruey-Lin Chen’s group-construction theory, which suggests that the subjectivity of a NPP amounts to the subjectivity of the group dedicated to its development. However, this account is unappealing as it either assumes that a discipline has no genuine subjectivity or implies a categorical mistake in equating the subjectivity of NPP with the subjectivity of the group seeking its establishment. I then argue for a methodological account of NPP developed in terms of Sangiovanni’s theory of practice-dependence from a national perspective, hereafter the national practice-dependence approach (NPD). NPD makes NPP realistic because the principles theorized concern political feasibility and are thus action-guiding. It also helps identify and preserve the moral dimensions of a national community. However, NPP faces challenges in main-taining a critical distance from existing practices tied to national interests and its outcomes must be weighed against other valuable perspectives. Thus, I conclude that the value of NPP is upheld only if complemented by a political philosophy that incorporates global justice and/or the viewpoints of minority groups.