氣候變遷下保護區之地方營造與韌性：以德納利國家公園暨保留區為例

Protected Areas in the Context of Climate Change:Place-Making and Resilience at Denali

本研究以美國阿拉斯加州德納利國家公園與保留區為案例，探討保護區在氣候變遷與社會轉型脈絡下，如何在「穩定延續」與「變動調整」之間進行治理與實作上的平衡。過往保護區常被定位為相對穩定且以維護原始荒野為核心的保育對象，然而近年面臨生態系擾動加劇、觀光使用壓力上升與多元利害關係人互動所帶來之治理複雜性，使既有的保育論述與管理模式受到挑戰。因此，本研究結合地方營造與社會-生態韌性之觀點，將保育理解為人群與生態系之間持續協商與共同形塑的動態過程。本研究採質性調查方式，在2018至2021年間以半結構式訪談，並透過主題分析辨識出11類「場所敘事」，本研究聚焦呈現其中三類：生態系完整性、遊憩使用與在地生計。研究結果顯示，不同群體透過場所敘事建構其場所意義，並在詮釋在地環境變動時，同時納入傳統維繫與因應調適的思考；韌性亦可被理解為居民在面對變遷時所採取的維持、調整與再定位之策略組合。綜合而言，德納利案例顯示保護區治理可能正由靜態、成果導向的管理思維，逐步轉向強調參與、協作與過程性的治理取徑；韌性在此轉向中透過地方營造得以具體展現，並體現在抵抗、調適及形塑未來之多元實踐上。

This paper examines how Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska balances stability and change amid climate shifts and social transformation. Traditionally considered pristine wilderness, protected areas now face ecological disruption, tourism pressures, and governance challenges. Using place-making and socio-ecological resilience frameworks, the study conceptualized conservation as a dynamic negotiation between people and ecosystems. Through interviews conducted from 2018 to 2021, 11 place narratives were identified, including ecosystem integrity, recreation, and livelihood. Each narrative illustrated how communities interpreted continuity and transformation in their relationships with local environments and each other. The findings showed that resilience was rooted in the strategies that residents used to preserve tradition and adapt to changing conditions. The paper concludes that protected area governance is shifting from static, outcome-based models to participatory, process-based approaches, where resilience is expressed through place-making as communities resist, adapt, and shape their future.