應用線上桌遊教學方案於國小學習障礙讀寫困難詞彙學習之成效

Effects of Online Tabletop Games on Word Acquisition for Elementary School Students with Learning Disabilities

識字能力是學習障礙生在日常生活和學習中，重要且須具備的基本能力，常因障礙在學習詞彙的歷程中遭遇挫折，本研究探討合適教學方法提升學習成效；目的旨在探討應用線上桌遊於詞彙教學方案，對國小學習障礙讀寫困難學生識字和造詞能力之學習成效。參與者為三位學障生，亞型分別為識字合併書寫困難和識字困難，年齡為國小三年級，智商得分為70以上。採單一受試研究法，包含基線期、介入期和維持期。自變項為應用線上桌遊於詞彙教學方案，依變項為自編識字造詞能力測驗之表現成效。研究過程為進行基線期3次測驗後，介入方式為一週2次，一次40分鐘，共8次課程，另進行維持期3次測驗持續追蹤，共計14次。研究工具為基本讀寫字測驗、自編識字造詞測驗和應用線上桌遊於詞彙教學方案–「雲端文字樂」。研究結果顯示，三位學障學生在識字與造詞能力皆有立即顯著成效。識字能力介入期C值介於0.82至0.92之間，Z值介於2.99至3.37，達統計顯著；維持期則仍維持高於基線期表現，顯示教學介入具保留效果。造詞能力介入期C值介於0.88至0.93，Z值介於3.23至3.39，均達統計顯著，維持期雖略降但仍優於基線期，顯示介入效果穩定。建議未來研究可延長教學介入時間，並依學生學習進步情形調整字庫難度；亦可擴大樣本，探討不同年級或不同障礙亞型學生之識字與造詞成效，驗證線上桌遊教學方案之可行性與穩定性。

Word acquisition is a very important and basic ability for students with learning disabilities must possess in their daily lives and learning process, as well as inclusion education. However, they often encounter setbacks and felt frustrated with their lack of progress in word acquisition as well as literacy and making vocabulary learning because of learning disabilities. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of tabletop games in vocabulary teaching programs and“words acquisition”as well as wordmaking abilities on the literacy of elementary school students with learning disabilities. Participants in this research were recruited from special education classroom in elementary school, including two boys and one girl, aged from 8 to 9 years old, whose subtypes were literacy combined with dysgraphia and literacy difficulties. They were all in the third grade, and their IQ scores were all above 70. The method adopts a single subject research method, and the experimental period includes a baseline, an intervention and a maintenance period. Forty-minutes of online teaching was given twice per week, and the intervention lasted for 14 sessions in seven weeks per child. The measuring tests included“words test with pronounce”and“oral making vocabulary test”. And there were significant effects of motivation and learning attitude of three students. This online tabletop games on word acquisition can significantly improve and retain the literacy skills of students with learning disabilities and dyslexia. With appropriate content or adaptation, this online tabletop games are a teaching aid for game-based learning and can improve students' learning outcomes. It has been observed that the following points can be achieved through the online tabletop game teaching: first, stimulating learning motivation; the second is to improve concentration; the third is to learn social skills. The students can improve their tolerance and control their emotions through situations of failure or success. The last step is to develop learning strategies. Through the results of this study, it was found that in addition to learning literacy and vocabulary, the subjects also developed their own learning strategies so that they could get high scores in subsequent game. In addition to literacy skills, this study focuses on vocabulary teaching; it is also consistent with the results of research on Mandarin language proficiency that mainly focuses on ordinary students and tabletop game teaching programs for preschool children's Mandarin vocabulary ability.