使用社區居住服務之社會資本轉變──智能障礙者父母觀點研究

Changes in Social Capital among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities Using Community Living Services: Parents’Perspectives

本研究以質性取向探討智能障礙者在使用社區居住服務後，其社會資本的轉變樣態與歷程，並聚焦於父母觀點進行分析。研究採立意取樣，訪談13位連續使用社區居住服務3個月以上之智能障礙者的父母，以黏著性、架接性與連結性三種社會資本進行分析。結果發現，社區居住服務改變了原有親子互動模式，讓黏著性社會資本出現質變，親子關係從高依附與高干預逐漸轉向放手與相互關懷。其次，透過室友與同儕互動，智能障礙者建構出友伴關係與社交歸屬感，促進架接性社會資本的擴展與社會技能的養成。最後，專業服務團隊所提供的訓練與支持，則強化了連結性社會資本之功能，對智能障礙者的生活品質與家庭照顧負荷產生實質助益。整體而言，社區居住服務促使智能障礙者之社會資本由家庭單一來源擴展至多元網絡，不僅能減少家庭照顧負荷與壓力，更進一步促進智能障礙者社會參與與自主生活的可能。

This qualitative study explores the transformation of social capital among individuals with intellectual disabilities following their transition to community living services, as viewed from the perspectives of their parents. Using purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 parents whose children had used such services for over three months. Thematic analysis was guided by the framework of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital. Findings revealed that community living services reshaped traditional parent–child dynamics, leading to a qualitative shift in bonding social capital—from dependency and over-involvement to greater freedom and mutual care. Through daily interactions with peers and roommates, individuals with intellectual disabilities developed companionship and a sense of belonging, thereby enhancing their bridging social capital and acquiring multiple social skills. Additionally, professional teams provided structured training and support, strengthening linking social capital and contributing to improved quality of life while reducing caregiving burdens on families. Overall, the use of community living services enabled individuals with intellectual disabilities to expand their social capital from a single-family source to a diverse network. This not only alleviated caregiving stress for families but also facilitated social participation and the potential for independent living.