延長教育年數可以改善國民所得分配公平嗎？

Can Extending the Years of Education Improve the Equity of Income Distribution?

本研究目的在瞭解2000至2020年每隔五年52個國家的預期教育年數與國民所得分配公平的變化、差異及其影響關係。從World Bank以及行政院主計總處蒐集資料，透過迴歸分析檢定。研究顯示：2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年52個國家的預期教育年數隨著年度逐漸增加，而國民所得分配隨著年度往後推移愈來愈公平；不同年度之間的預期教育年數與國民所得分配公平有明顯差異，預期教育年數呈現逐漸增加，而吉尼指數呈現逐漸減少趨勢。52個國家的預期教育年數隨著年代往後提高，國民所得分配公平隨之提高，然而這種效應隨著年度往後減緩，2020年已沒有降低所得公平的效果。2000至2020年臺灣在預期教育年數條件下，除了2000年比世界國民所得分配公平之外，2005年至2020年臺灣的國民所得分配比世界所得分配不公平。雖然教育可以改善國民所得分配公平，但這種效應逐漸下滑。臺灣的所得分配不公平有逐年上升趨勢，研究中提出具體因應策略，來改善所得分配公平。

The primary objective of this study was to understand the changes, differences, and impacts of expected years of education and income eq¬uitable distribution in 52 countries over five-year intervals from 2000 to 2020. Data were collected from the World Bank and the Directorate-Gen¬eral of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, and regression analysis was used for testing. Research showed that: in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively, the expected number of years of education in 52 countries gradually increased with each year, and the income distribu¬tion became more and more equitable as the years went by; the differenc¬es between different years. There was a significant difference between the expected years of education and the equity of income distribution. The expected years of education showed a gradual increasing trend, while the Gini index showed a gradually decreasing trend. The expected number of years of education in 52 countries increased as the years went by, and the equity of income distribution increased. However, this effect slowed down as the years went by, and there was no effect of reducing income eq¬uity in 2020. From 2000 to 2020, Taiwan’s income distribution was more equitable than the world’s income distribution from 2005 to 2020, except that in 2000, Taiwan’s income distribution was more equitable than the world’s income distribution under the conditions of expected years of ed¬ucation. Although education can improve the equity of income distribu¬tion, this effect gradually declined. The unequity of income distribution in Taiwan was increasing year by year. Specific response strategies should be proposed to improve the equity of income distribution.