宮崎市定與雍正硃批諭旨研究班

Miyazaki Ichisada and the Research Group on the Yongzheng Emperor’s Vermilion Rescripts

本文回顧戰後日本中國史研究中以「雍正」為核心的學術軌跡，重點介紹京都大學人文科學研究所主導的「雍正硃批諭旨研究班」的創立與發展。研究班自1949至1971年持續二十餘年，由安部健夫（1903-1959）、宮崎市定（1901-1995）、小野川秀美（1909-1980）等學者主持，先後吸引近百人參與。該研究班系統研讀《硃批諭旨》，並圍繞奏摺政治、朋黨問題、財政制度、思想統制等展開研究。研究成果陸續發表於《東洋史研究》專號，後彙編為《雍正時代の研究》。這一長期集體研讀活動在學界極為罕見，對清代制度與政治史研究產生深遠影響。
該研究班不僅揭示了硃批諭旨的史料價值，更展示其在皇帝專制政治運作中的作用。雍正帝在位（1722-1735）十三年推行多項改革，整飭吏治、強化中央集權，但改革的持續性終受個人精力和制度侷限所制約。總體而言，宮崎市定和該研究班的努力奠定了雍正研究的重要基礎，並體現了戰後日本學界的問題意識與方法論探索。

This article reviews the trajectory of postwar Japanese scholarship on Chinese history with a focus on the Yongzheng雍正Emperor (r. 1722-1735), highlighting in particular the establishment and development of the Research Group on the Yongzheng Emperor’s Vermilion Rescripts at Kyoto University’s Institute for Humanistic Studies. From 1949 to 1971, this group operated for more than two decades under the leadership of Abe Takeo安部健夫(1903-1959), Miyazaki Ichisada宮崎市定(1901-1995), and Onogawa Hidemi小野川秀美(1909-1980), attracting nearly one hundred participants. The group systematically studied the vermilion rescripts, undertaking research on such themes as the memorial system, factionalism, fiscal administration, and ideological control. Its findings were published in special issues of the Toyōshi kenkyū東洋史研究(Studies on Oriental History) and later compiled into the volume Yōsei jidai no kenkyū雍正時代の研究(Studies on the Yongzheng Era). This kind of long-term collective reading and research effort was rare in the academic world and exerted a profound influence on the study of Qing institutions and political history.
The group not only revealed the documentary value of the vermilion rescripts but also demonstrated their function in the workings of autocratic politics. During his thirteen-year reign, the Yongzheng Emperor implemented a series of reforms to discipline officials and strengthen central authority, yet the sustainability of these reforms was ultimately limited by both personal energy and institutional constraints. Overall, the efforts of Miyazaki Ichisada and the research group laid an important foundation for Yongzheng studies and reflected the problem consciousness and methodological explorations of postwar Japanese scholarship.