從委外到共創：古蹟再生協力治理與公共價值實踐

From Outsourcing to Co-Creation: Building Public Value through Heritage Governance Networks

在新公共管理思潮影響下，臺灣公有古蹟逐漸形成委外經營為主的治理模式，雖回應效率與財政的壓力，卻也引發商業化、排他性與公共性不足等問題。當前的政策框架多著重於契約管理與租賃收益，忽略了民主參與、價值分配與文化資產本身的社會意義。本文主張，古蹟再生應以創造公共價值(Public Value, PV)導向，透過多元利害關係人的協力治理(Collaborative Governance)，重新建構更具公共性與正當性的治理模式。研究採質性個案分析法，選取稻舍、新富町文化市場、臺灣文學基地三個具代表性的委外經營案例，透過深度訪談探討公部門、私部門與民間社群在個人、組織與網絡三層次的互動過程，並分析公共價價值如何在不同條件下協商與共創。研究發現，公共價值並非由公部門單一產製，而是仰賴多元行動者在治理網絡中的持續互動與協作;委外制度若能兼顧個案需求與制度彈性，並導入價值導向的協力治理設計，方能使古蘋的內在價值與工具價值之轉化過程得以延續。本文進一步提出「古蹟再生委外經營公共價值創造網絡」架構，涵蓋制度、資源、文化與社會領域中之八個環節，詮釋古蹟再生所能創造的多元貢獻。結論認為，古蹟再生的過程應成為社會參與與價值共創的平台;唯有在公共價值框架下建構具正當性的治理模式，才能實現文化治理的永續發展。

This study examines the rise of outsourcing in the governance of publicly owned heritage sites in Taiwan under the influence of New Public Management, and highlights its tensions between efficiency, fiscal pressure, commercialization, and the erosion of publicness. Drawing on qualitative case studies of URS329, Xinfu Market, and the Taiwan Literature Base, it analyzes how public, private, and civic actors interact across individual, organizational, and network levels, and how public value is negotiated within these relationships. The findings show that public value is not produced by government alone but emerges through collaborative governance networks that balance intrinsic heritage significance with instrumental outcomes. When outsourcing arrangements incorporate flexibility, shared vision, and sustained engagement with local communities, they can enable the co-creation of public value; when constrained by rigid contracts or weak institutional support, governance networks tend to fragment and public value dissipates. Based on these insights, the study proposes the ''Public Value Universe of Heritage Regeneration'' as an analytical framework for assessing institutional, cultural, and social dimensions of value creation. The article argues that heritage regeneration should shift from a narrow focus on physical restoration toward governing social and cultural processes, positioning heritage as a platform for civic participation, value negotiation, and sustainable cultural governance.