越南民眾對美態度的演變：以《越南特快》為例（2000-2017）

From Acceptance to Reflection: Vietnamese Public Perceptions of the US through the Lens of VnExpress (2000-2017)

千禧初至川普第一任期前，是越南改革開放取得重大進展也是越南與美國關係正向發展的時期，伴隨官方外交態度轉變的是越南民間不斷重估和重塑越戰後的美國形象。本論文以此期間《越南特快》的報道和評論為基礎，集中採用內容分析方法，對網報敘事作質性研究，結合歷史建構、媒介效果、社會認同、文化批判以及地方形象塑造等理論和視角，深入瞭解越南民眾對美國的整體印象和立場，並揭示《越南特快》在塑造這些觀點方面的作用。研究結果反映，在這時期，越南民眾對美國的態度和認識具豐富多元、鮮明異質的特點，既有建設性的接納，也有批判性的反思，當中富於歷時變化：先偏向延續越戰的創傷記憶和負面評價，後展現美國人的傷痛和反戰情緒、美國老兵的愧疚及越南各方對美國的諒解和要求、民間對美國軟實力的受容等，雖然歐巴馬訪問越南有修補戰後關係的重大意義，但從越南傅爾布萊特大學校長任命爭議，可見裂痕仍若隱若現。

From the beginning of the new millennium up to the end of Trump’s first term, Vietnam has seen significant progress in its reforms and positive developments in its relations with the United States. Accompanying the shift in official diplomatic attitudes, there has been a continuous reassessment and reshaping of the American image in post-war Vietnam among the Vietnamese public. This study is based on reports and commentaries from the VnExpress during this period, and it mainly employs textual analysis to conduct qualitative research on online narratives. It integrates theories and perspectives related to historical construction, media effects, social identity, cultural criticism, and local image shaping to deeply capture the overall impressions and stances of the Vietnamese public towards the United States, while also revealing the role of the VnExpress in shaping these viewpoints. The research findings reflect that during this period, the Vietnamese public’s attitudes and perceptions towards the United States were characterized by rich diversity and distinct heterogeneity, comprising both constructive acceptance and critical reflection that exhibited diachronic changes. There was an initial tendency to continue the traumatic memories and negative evaluations from the Vietnam War, followed by a display of pain and anti-war sentiments among Americans, the guilt of American veterans, the understanding and demands of various Vietnamese factions towards the United States, as well as the public’s reception of American soft power. Although Barack Obama’s visit to Vietnam had significant meaning in mending post-war relations, the controversy surrounding the appointment of the president of Fulbright University Vietnam reveals that fractures still remain.