「二婦爭子」故事之流播與重構――從舊約《聖經》到元雜劇《灰欄記》、布萊希特《高加索灰欄記》的改編考察

The Spread and Reconstruction of the Story of“Two Women Fighting for a Child”—An Investigation on the Adaptions from the Old Testament to the Yuan Dynasty Drama“Chalk Circle”and Bertolt Brecht’s“The Caucasian Chalk Circle”

「二婦爭子」故事源自舊約《聖經‧列王紀》所羅門王斷案，二婦灰欄拉子之事，在古羅馬、印度、希臘，乃至於歐洲德、法等地廣為流播，傳至中國後，東漢應劭《風俗通義》記有類似故事，直至元代，李行道又將其改創為《包待制智賺灰欄記》雜劇，為公案劇之優秀作品。德國劇作家貝托爾特‧布萊希特（Bertolt Brecht）又據元雜劇重新改編為《高加索灰欄記》，本文以故事流播與文本重構之角度出發。全文之論述焦點，乃係回歸文本，深入分析、比較「二婦爭子」主題之文本，在故事情節、主題思想、人物形象塑造三者，應運不同文化語境，產生哪些變化。在跨文化背景之下，文本之間又有哪些對話交流。全文大抵可區分為三大區塊：其一，探究三部文本在故事情節安排上的異同，分析敘事者敘述之手法與優劣；其二，論述三部文本在東西方不同背景之下，主題思想呈現出那些核心價值，彼此之間有何交互影響；其三，析論三部文本主要人物之形象塑造，有何特殊之處。

The story“Two Women Fighting for a Child”originates from the Old Testament—Books of Kings—about King Solomon’s verdict on the event of two women fighting for a child in the chalk circle. This story was widely spread in ancient Rome, India, Greece, and even in Europe, Germany, France and other places. After this story spread to China, it was found that there was a similar story recorded in Yingshao’s“Fengsu Tongyi”in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was not until the Yuan Dynasty that Li, Hsing-Tao adapted this story into the drama“Bao Tai Zhi’s Wisdom for Judging of Chlak Circle Fighting”, which is an outstanding work of lawsuit drama. Moreover, the German playwright Bertolt Brecht re-adapted this story into“The Caucasian Chalk Circle”based on the drama in the Yuan Dynasty. This study intends to investigate the spread of the story and reconstruction of the texts. This study focuses on the full texts and performs an in-depth analysis to compare the texts of the theme“Two Women Fighting for a Child”to understand the differences in three aspects: plots, theme ideas and character creation under different cultural contexts, as well as how the texts of three works conversed and exchanged with one another under different cultural backgrounds. This study can be roughly divided into three parts. Firstly, this study explores the similarities and differences in the plot arrangements of the three texts and analyzes the narrative techniques and advantages and disadvantages of the narrators. Secondly, this study discusses the three texts under different Eastern and Western backgrounds, how the theme ideas presented those core values, and how they interacted with each other. Thirdly, this study analyzes what was special about the image creation of the main characters in the three texts.