〈艮〉道圓明：程兆熊易學詮釋中天台學與道學之交涉會通

The Negotiation Between Tiantai Studies and Neo-Confucianism in Chen Jauh-Hsiung’s Zhouyi Study Interpretation

程兆熊（1907-2001）長於農學與哲學，其學問是當代新儒家研究的遺珠。本文聚焦程氏的三篇文章：1960年的《大學講義》、1980年的〈佛教哲學及其規模〉，及1986年〈天台智顗之圓頓止觀與古本大學之知止知本〉，探討其如何以〈艮〉卦〈彖傳〉出入異說並予以會通。研究發現，程氏以〈艮〉卦的兼山艮止之象調解朱熹理學、陽明心學對「格物致知」的分歧，隱含藉〈艮〉卦工夫論以闢佛的道學背景；同時以〈艮〉卦〈彖傳〉指涉各個宗教發展的共同趨向；透過「其道光明，亦正是其道圓明」，使〈艮〉卦成為天台學與道學互相會通的喻依。其《易》詮釋帶有心學《易》及禪學《易》的色彩，藉「立象以盡意」會通異說，超越定性的儒佛兩端，存在著通往萬教同歸之勝解的可能。

In terms of agriculture, Cheng Zhaoxiong (1907-2001) guided the high-mountain aborigines to plant vegetables to improve local livelihoods. In terms of education, he advocated the simplistic philosophy of the three religions. His academic style of advancing both pragmatism and academics is a parts ignored by contemporary New Confucian studies. This article attempts to use the“Gen”hexagram’s“彖傳”as a reading clue to connect three articles by Mr. Cheng:“University Lecture Notes”in 1960,“Buddhist Philosophy”in 1980, and 1986“Tiantai Zhiyi’s Buddhist Thoughts and The Great Learning”, It also explores the way in which he uses the“Gen”hexagram to enter and exit different theories and connect them. In“University Lecture Notes”, Mr. Cheng used the symbol of“Gen”hexagram to mediate the differences between Zhu Xi Neo-Confucianism and Yangming Xinxue on“investigating things to achieve knowledge”. In the last lecture of“Buddhist Philosophy”,“Yuanjiao Holy Religion - Its Way is Bright”, Mr. Cheng used the“Gen”hexagram“彖傳”to refer to the common trend of the development of religious forms in the world. In his later years, Mr. Cheng used the Gen hexagram to integrate Confucianism and Buddhism. In short, Mr. Cheng’s interpretation of the“Gen”hexagram uses the flexibility of“Yi”study to accommodate different opinions.