開放而未計：已出版論文的開放取用預行本與工作底稿之引用分析

Open, but Uncounted: Citations to Open Access Preprints and Working Papers of Published Papers

在全球跨學科引文索引資料庫中，對已正式發表於期刊之論文的開放取用預行本和工作底稿的引用通常未被統計，且多數書目計量學研究也不會考慮這些引用；然而，在部分引文資料庫中，這些引用被納入論文的引用計算。對廣泛使用預行本或工作底稿進行快速開放交流的領域，開放取用預行本的引用實則反映了論文之科學影響力。故本文針對Web of Science資料庫中這些通常未被統計的開放取用預行本引用進行大規模研究，旨在探索此現象的規模及其在不同學科的分佈。本研究將引用預行本或工作底稿的參考文獻連結至相對應的已發表期刊版本，發現至少39萬篇WoS收錄的出版品擁有110萬次預行本的引用，且這些引用並未包含在常規的引用計算中。

The citations to open access preprint and working paper versions of papers that are also formally published in journals are not regularly counted in global multidisciplinary proprietary citation index databases, nor are they considered in most bibliometric studies. They are, however, integrated into paper citation counts in other citation databases. It can be argued that open access preprint citations reflect a relevant part of scientific impact of a work as proxied by citation counts, particularly in scientific disciplines that make extensive use of preprints/working papers for rapid open communication. Here we present a large-scale study of these usually uncounted open access preprint citations for the Web of Science database to provide an exploratory overview of the magnitude of this phenomenon and its distribution across disciplines. To this end, we introduce a methodology to link cited reference strings referring to preprints/working papers to their matching published journal versions. We find that at least 390,000 WoS-indexed publications have 1.1 million preprint version citations which are not included in ordinary citation counts.