低壓環境下能源物質燃燒行為之非線性調控機制：從微觀熱傳到系統動力學分析

隨著全球能源轉型邁向「淨零排放」願景，高能量密度儲能系統與航太能源技術正加速部署於高海拔及特殊壓力環境。然而，低壓環境對於燃燒動力學具有顯著的非線性調控作用，改變了傳統火災科學中以自然對流為主導的設計基礎。本文透過對鋰離子電池、固體纖維素材料及液體航空燃料之實驗數據進行深度分析，並分析在壓力梯度下熱傳機制的轉變。研究發現，低壓環境對燃燒行為存在「抑制」與「促進」的雙重競爭機制：一方面，環境壓力下降導致氧分壓降低，巨觀上抑制了氧化放熱強度（如40 kPa下三元鋰離子電池溫度峰值下降約18%）；另一方面，稀薄氣體導致自然對流熱傳係數衰減，引發劇烈的熱蓄積效應與偵測延遲（反應總時長增加約36%）。針對液體燃料，低壓環境誘發的沸點降低更使火焰蔓延模式由液相控制提前轉向氣相控制。本研究進一步引入系統動力學（System Dynamics）架構，將微觀物理變化演繹為技術偵測盲區與治理規範遲滯之耦合風險模型。結果證實，忽視壓力變化下的輻射熱反饋增強，將導致現有消防防護系統面臨失效風險。本研究為極端環境下的消防安全準則修訂與智慧感測技術開發提供了關鍵的理論依據。

As the global energy transition moves toward ''Net-Zero Emissions,'' high-energy-density storage systems and aerospace technologies are increasingly deployed in high-altitude and controlled-pressure environments. Low-pressure environments exert a significant, nonlinear modulation of combustion kinetics, challenging the foundations of traditional fire science, which is predicated on natural convection. This study provides a systematic reanalysis of experimental data on lithium-ion batteries, solid cellulosics, and liquid fuels to reveal fundamental shifts in heat and mass transfer mechanisms under pressure gradients. The results identify a dual competition between ''inhibition'' and ''promotion'' mechanisms: while reduced pressure lowers the oxygen partial pressure, inhibiting macroscopic heat release (e.g., an 18% peak temperature drop at 40 kPa), the decay of the natural convection coefficient triggers intense thermal accumulation and detection lags (with total reaction duration increasing by ~36%). For liquid fuels, pressure-induced boiling-point depression accelerates the transition from liquid-phase to gas-phase controlled flame spread. Furthermore, this study employs a System Dynamics (SD) framework to map microscopic physical shifts onto a coupled risk model of technical detection blind zones and regulatory lags. The findings demonstrate that neglecting enhanced radiative feedback during pressure transients poses critical failure risks to existing fire protection systems. This work establishes key theoretical criteria for refining fire safety standards and developing intelligent sensing technologies in extreme environments.