Harmonic Distortion in Renewable Integrated Power Systems: Impacts, Standards, and Control Approaches

Harmonic Distortion in Renewable Integrated Power Systems: Impacts, Standards, and Control Approaches

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) including solar photovoltaic, wind energy, and small hydro systems into modern power networks offers compelling environmental and economic benefits. However, this transition also introduces signifi¬cant power quality challenges, particularly in the form of harmonic distortions. Unlike conventional synchronous generators, RES interfaced through power electronic converters exhibit nonlinear and switching behavior, altering the harmonic landscape of the grid. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of harmonic generation, propagation, and mitigation in RES-dominated power systems. It systematically classifies the harmonic contributions of different RES technologies, analyzes their interaction with grid impedance, and examines advanced inverter control strategies that influence harmonic behavior. Additionally, it explores global standards and grid code requirements such as IEEE 519-2014 and assesses emerging harmonic mitigation techniques. To support analysis, this study includes simplified measurement setups, mitigation frameworks, comparative tables, and illustrative figures. This work aims to guide engineers, researchers, and policymakers in achieving harmonic compliance and maintaining power quality in the evolving landscape of converter-dominated grids.