在實作中成為創業者：創業社群之新手與經驗創業者的認同建構歷程

Becoming through Practice: Identity Construction in Entrepreneurial Communities of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs

創業不僅是創建新企業的過程，更是一段透過行動與互動逐步建構自我認同的歷程。現有創業認同研究多聚焦於個體層次的認同工作，較少關注以創業實作社群作為認同建構場域的情境。本研究以實作社群理論為視角，探討不同經驗層級的創業者（新手與經驗創業者）如何在同一精實創業實作社群中，透過學習與互動建構其創業自我認同。本文採質性研究方法，結合參與觀察與深度訪談，分析創業者的反思文字、圖像敘說與訪談資料。研究結果顯示，新手創業者多透過模仿學習與知識組合，在實作社群中逐步內化創業者角色，形成「由外向內」驅動的認同建構歷程；相對地，經驗創業者則透過敘說學習與知識內化，在社群互動中深化其創業者的角色理解，呈現「由內向外」深化的認同建構歷程。本研究的主要理論貢獻為提出「在實作中成為創業者」的認同建構歷程，並對精實創業實作社群之管理者具有實務意涵。

Entrepreneurship is not merely the process of creating new ventures but a journey through which self-identity is progressively constructed through action and interaction. Existing research on entrepreneurial identity has largely focused on individual-level identity work, paying comparatively limited attention to entrepreneurial communities of practice as contexts in which identity is constructed. Drawing on the community of practice perspective, this study examines how entrepreneurs with different levels of experience (novice and experienced entrepreneurs) construct their entrepreneurial self-identity through learning and interaction within the same lean startup practice community. Adopting a qualitative research design, this study combines participant observation and in-depth interviews to analyze entrepreneurs’reflective writings, visual narratives, and interview data. The findings indicate that novice entrepreneurs primarily engage in imitation-based learning and knowledge recombination, gradually internalizing the entrepreneurial role within the community an outside-in identity construction process. In contrast, experienced entrepreneurs deepen their understanding of the entrepreneurial role through narrative learning and knowledge internalization during community interaction, exhibiting an inside-out identity construction process. This study contributes to entrepreneurial identity theory and community of practice research, and offers practical implications for the design and management of entrepreneurial practice communities.