共同正犯脫離要件之重塑與明確化──以最高法院見解為核心

Reconceptualizing and Clarifying the Requirements for Withdrawal from Co-perpetration: A Focus on the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Taiwan

本文旨在藉由一則實例，探討「共同正犯之脫離是否以行為人循原先貢獻之路徑撤回物理、心理上助力為限？」之法律問題，分析並表明本文見解。於論證、回答前述問題過程中，將一併處理「共同正犯於著手後欲脫離犯罪共同體而為防免行為時，若未徹底解消原先之貢獻，然而殘存之貢獻已不足以形成功能性支配時，是否得主張無須對其他共同正犯後續實行行為既遂結果負擔正犯責任？」以及「共同正犯於著手後欲脫離犯罪共同體而為防免行為時，若僅向其他共同正犯表明退出之意旨解消主觀上犯意聯絡，而未有其他解除客觀危險之作為，是否即已足自共同正犯關係中脫離？」之法律問題，以釐清共同正犯脫離之要件。再者，本文並將提出可供實務案件操作之更細緻的共同正犯脫離審查基準，以釐清並細緻化共同正犯脫離之要件。此外，在研究實務判決中對於共同正犯脫離法理之適用時，發現存有若干經常出現之混淆或不當之處，故分析並提出建議。

This article aims to examine the legal question of whether withdrawal from co-perpetration is limited to the actor retracting physical and psychological contributions along the original path of contribution, using a specific case as an illustration. It analyzes and presents the author's viewpoint on this issue. Furthermore, this article proposes more detailed criteria for reviewing withdrawal from co-perpetration, intended for practical application in legal cases, to clarify and refine the requirements for such withdrawal. Finally, through an examination of the application of the legal principles of withdrawal from co-perpetration in practical judgments, this article identifies several recurring confusions or inappropriate applications, and subsequently offers corresponding analyses and recommendations.