解構未聞之痛：承痛之人與「不慍」的儒家態度

Deconstructing Unheardalgia: Homo Patiens and the Confucian Stance of Bu Yun (不慍)

《論語‧學而》提到「不知而不慍」特別能與Giovanni Scarafile教授的Unheardalgia來進行對話，Unheardalgia不是單純的痛苦，對儒家哲學來說，是一種「實踐知的斷裂」，就是一種與他者相遇，欲以帶有身體實踐的「知」進行交流時，但卻出現「推也推不出去」的狀態，而「推」不出去，就無法「歸」，回歸到自身品格的修練，使得儒家的道德修養呈現斷裂，也達不到「不慍」知君子。因此，如何能跨過Unheardalgia，以及Giovanni Scarafile教授所提出的Homo patiens，成為本文試圖匯通與展示的君子不慍姿態。

In The Analects (《論語》), the phrase“not resentful when one is not understood”(bu yun不慍) is especially apt for entering into dialogue with Professor Giovanni Scarafile’s concept of Unheardalgia. Unheardalgia is not merely pain. From the perspective of Confucian philosophy, it signifies a rupture in practical knowing: when one encounters another person and seeks to communicate through a form of“knowing”grounded in embodied practice, yet falls into a condition of“trying to push it out but being unable to.”When one cannot“extend”(tui推) outward, one cannot“return”(gui歸) inward to the cultivation of one’s own character. As a result, Confucian moral self-cultivation becomes fractured, and one also cannot attain the state of“not being resentful”(bu yun不慍) that characterizes a virtuous person (junzi君子). Accordingly, how to move beyond Unheardalgia through the figure of Homo patiens proposed by Professor Scarafile becomes the central task of this paper: to integrate and present a junzi-like posture of bu yun.