「美國科技霸權」下的跨國科技史：從UHDC、運輸計劃委員會、臺北地下鐵到臺北捷運

The Transnational History of Technology under“American Hegemony of Science and Technology”: From UHDC, TPB, TRUPO, to Taipei Metro

歷經自1960年代開始的討論與規劃，到1980與1990年代的設計與施工，臺北都會區終於建立起以臺北捷運為核心的都市軌道運輸系統，並且次第完成不同的路線與系統擴張服務的範圍。然而從規劃階段開始，美國因素就以或隱或顯的方式，從臺灣開始建立運輸研究與規劃專業開始，到臺北市區鐵路地下化與臺北捷運工程的規劃、設計與施工，都扮演重要的角色，並且一定程度上形塑了臺灣軌道運輸系統的樣貌以及捷運技術官僚與工程師的知識體系。本文即從在冷戰中的「美國科技霸權（American hegemony of science and technology）」以及「跨國科技流動（transnational circulation of technology）」的角度，爬梳並且分析美國因素如何從1960年代聯合國「都市建設與住宅計畫小組」（UHDC）開始，到1970年代的交通部運輸計劃委員會，形塑臺灣運輸研究與規劃的專業。而在1980年代則是如何運用其政治與軍事霸權的力量介入臺北捷運的工程，使得以臺北捷運為主的臺北都會區軌道運輸系統中，部分再現了美國在1960年代後期「偉大社會（Great Society）」思想所產生的捷運系統設計。在臺灣戰後軌道運輸發展史的敘述之外，本文也嘗試論證，臺美關係的變化，與冷戰格局中的國際政治經濟情勢，影響了美國因素對於臺灣軌道運輸發展形塑的程度與方式。

After the discussion in the 1960s and the ensuing designing and construction in the 1980s and 1990s, Taipei Metropolitan finally established its urban rail transportation system with Taipei Metro as the core. Then it gradually developed different metro lines and systems to extend the service area. American factors had either implicitly or explicitly played an important role and is shaping Taiwan’s rail transportation systems and metro technocrats and engineers’knowledge system, from the establishment of the transportation research and planning profession in Taiwan, to the Taipei Underground Railway Project and the planning, design and construction of Taipei Metro. This article discusses how American factors shaped Taiwan’s transportation research and planning profession with the Urban and Housing Development Committee (UHDC) in the 1960s and Transportation Planning Board (TPB) in the 1970s and how the factors deployed the political and military hegemony to intervene the project of Taipei Metro, leading to the fact that Taipei Metro partially represents the deigns rooted in the idea of“Great Society”in the late 1960s in the U.S.. Besides the historical narrative of Taiwan’s postwar rail transportation systems, this article also tries to argue that the change of the relations between Taiwan and the U.S. and the political economy in the Cold War influenced the way and the degree of American factors in the development of Taiwan’s rail transportation.