2020-2021年台灣COVID-19預防行為遵從情形：全國性追蹤調查

Adherence to preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 in Taiwan in 2020-2021：a population-based follow-up survey

目標：COVID-19大流行在全球造成預防行為的顯著改變。本研究透過追蹤調查，以了解台灣民眾於2020年及2021年間的預防行為變化。方法：此對20歲以上成人之以全人口為基礎的調查研究包含後續三次追蹤，內容包括民眾對COVID-19風險的認知，以及其對台灣疾病管制署「防疫新生活運動」所倡議的各項預防行為之遵從情形。結果：在2020年7月至9月間（台灣無本土疫情期間），維持室內社交距離與室外社交距離的遵從比例分別為51.5%與63.5%；且有81.5%的受訪者表示，若無法維持社交距離，將會配戴口罩。分層分析顯示，女性與年長者在大部分預防行為上具有顯著較高的遵從度。整體而言，從2020年至2021年中期，民眾對預防行為的遵從度呈現上升趨勢，並未出現防疫疲乏的跡象。結論：本調查為了解台灣在疫情前兩年期間一般民眾的預防行為提供了重要的實證資料。由於非藥物介入措施（NPI）在疫情初期具有關鍵作用，我們認為定期監測民眾預防行為應作為疫情準備的重要基礎工作。此外，仍需投入更多努力，以尋找最可行且具成本效益的預防行為監測方法。

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significant changes in preventive behaviors worldwide. We conducted a population-based longitudinal follow-up survey to understand these behavioral changes in Taiwan during 2020 and 2021. Methods: A population-based survey with three follow-up rounds was implemented among individuals aged 20 and older. The survey included questions about perceptions of COVID-19 risk and adherence to preventive behaviors promoted by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control in its New Life Strategies. Results: Between July and September 2020, a period with no local COVID-19 cases, adherence to indoor and outdoor social distancing was 51.5% and 63.5%, respectively, while 81.5% of people indicated they would wear facial masks if social distancing could not be practiced. In stratified analysis, females and the elderly exhibited significantly higher adherence to most of the preventive measures. We observed an increase in adherence to preventive behaviors from 2020 to the middle of 2021, with no signs of fatigue. Conclusions: The survey provides empirical evidence on adherence to preventive behaviors in the general population in Taiwan during the first two years of the pandemic. Given the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in the early stage of a pandemic, our findings suggest that monitoring preventive behaviors may offer useful insights for pandemic preparedness. However, such monitoring is not routinely implemented and may face practical challenges related to resources and logistics. Further efforts are needed to identify feasible and cost-effective approaches for the monitoring of preventive behaviors.