簡版老人憂鬱量表心理計量特性分析

The Psychometric Properties of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form

簡版老人憂鬱量表（Geriatric Depression Scale：Short Form，GDS-SF），為Sheikh與Yesavage所編製，其15題的量表專門用於進行老人憂鬱或高齡相關健康篩檢。本研究梳理GDS-SF於過去文獻之心理計量表現，同時經本研究探討GDS-SF於國內樣本的信效度表現，供未來臨床實務進行實證運用。本研究樣本取自於金門縣5大鄉鎮，共蒐集210位65歲以上受試長者。經信效度分析後，GDS-SF內部一致性信度為0.86，2週後進行的再測信度為0.90，與貝克憂鬱量表第2版（Beck Depression Inventory - second version，BDI-II）總分的同時效度為0.79，與BDI-II身體因素總分相關為0.80，與BDI-II認知—情感因素總分相關為0.69。探索性因素分析後得到4項因素，分別命名為：正向情緒、焦慮擔憂、負向認知及社交退縮與無動機。ROC曲線分析後，建議憂鬱症狀嚴重程度的切截區間為：無憂鬱0分到4分、輕度憂鬱5分到6分、中度憂鬱7分到10分、重度憂鬱11分到15分。本研究統整國內外學者對簡版老人憂鬱量表（GDS-SF）的歷史脈絡及運用情形，並進行GDS-SF的信效度及切截分數之心理計量表現分析，結果可作為未來臨床實務與學術研究在運用GDS-SF於台灣老人憂鬱症狀評估上的參考。

The Geriatric Depression Scale: Short Form (GDS-SF), developed by Sheikh and Yesavage, is a 15-item instrument specifically designed for screening depression and health-related conditions among older adults. This study aimed to review the psychometric performance of the GDS-SF in previous literature and to evaluate its reliability and validity using a domestic sample, providing empirical evidence to support its application in future clinical practice. A total of 210 participants aged 65 and above were recruited from five townships in Kinmen County. Psychometric analyses revealed that the internal consistency reliability of GDS-SF was 0.86, and the retest reliability was .90; the concurrent validity as BDI-II was 0.76, and the correlation with the total score of physical factors of BDI-II was .81, and the correlation with the total score of cognitive-emotional factors of BDI-II was .69. After Exploratory Factor Analysis, we found four factors: Positive Emotion, Anxiety and Worry, Negative Emotion and Social Withdrawal. Using ROC curve analysis, the recommended cutoff scores for depressive severity were established as follows: 0-4 points for no depression, 5-6 points for mild depression, 7-10 points for moderate depression, and 11-15 points for severe depression. This study integrated findings from domestic and international research regarding the historical development and application of the GDS-SF and conducted a psychometric evaluation of its reliability, validity, and cutoff scores in Taiwanese samples. These results provided valuable reference data for the use of the GDS-SF in assessing depressive symptoms among older adults, using in the clinical practice and academic research in Taiwan.