Positive middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in fetuses with anemia and intrauterine growth restriction: a case report

Positive middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in fetuses with anemia and intrauterine growth restriction: a case report

Fetal growth relies on multiple factors, and disruptions may lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a significant contributor to perinatal mortality. Fetal anemia, notably in red blood cell alloimmunization, is serious but rare. This study explores the correlation between middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) and fetal anemia, emphasizing intervention needs. A 37-year-old woman with an elevated MCA-PSV of her baby at 22 weeks of gestation experienced subsequent complications, including IUGR and fetal cardiomegaly. Despite cesarean delivery at 34 weeks of gestation, the preterm baby faced significant issues, leading to perinatal mortality. The study underscores MCA-PSV's potential in predicting fetal anemia. Immune-related causes, congenital infections, and genetic abnormalities contribute to complications. Timely interventions, like intrauterine transfusions, show promise. Challenges in post-positive MCA-PSV pregnancy management emphasize the need for additional tests. Clinicians should address congenital hematologic diseases through prenatal counseling. In conclusion, MCA-PSV is a promising indicator, but further studies and improved diagnostics are crucial for better prognostication and interventions.