中國近世宮廷戲本的鏈接：《康熙萬壽雜劇》殘本、異名本與Q90680

Linking Early Modern Chinese Court Drama Scripts: The Incomplete Kangxi Wanshou zaju, Its Variant Title, and Q90680

中國近世宮廷戲本不僅數量龐大，且呈現錯綜複雜的文本狀態。筆者曾將研究者所面對的困境與挑戰總結為三大方面：片段性、割裂性及封閉性。目前雖已有各種古籍、戲曲目錄文獻及工具書，但學界對於明清宮廷戲曲文本狀況的掌握仍難以做到全面，原因之一是此類戲本中常出現同本異名或同名異本的現象。本文以一組康熙時期的文本為例，說明一般賴以辨別作品內容的「名稱」如書名、劇目等，在宮廷戲本中因其不穩定性、重複性及隨意性，容易使研究者陷入謎團與誤區。通過文本對讀，消除題名異同所帶來的混亂、闡明具有相同內容的作品之間的關聯性，可解決近世戲曲文本研究中一個重要難題，宮廷戲劇的歷史亦將逐漸清晰。此外，並討論目前執行的TEXTCOURT研究項目所建置《明清宮廷戲曲文獻數據庫》如何利用數位化環境對這些「異名同本」的重叠性宮廷戲本進行文本系統的梳理、鏈接及消歧區分，進而提出設置文本代碼在研究龐大文學文獻方面的意義、思考近世文本整理研究的相關問題。

The corpora of early modern Chinese court drama scripts are voluminous and present complex textual states. I have previously summarized the challenges faced by researchers into three main aspects: disjointedness, fragmentation, and isolation. Although there are catalogs and reference works available to aid the navigation of various collections and archives, scholars are still unable to fully grasp the textual status of Ming and Qing court plays. One of the reasons is that such plays often have the same text under different titles or the same titles that represent different texts. In this article I use a group of early eighteenth century texts as an example to illustrate how the「title」of a text, which is usually used to identify the content of a work, is often less reliable in the case of court drama scripts due to their titular instability, repetitiveness, and casualness. As a result, this often leads to confusions and misunderstandings in research. By comparing the selected texts through aligned reading, we can eliminate the confusion caused by differences and similarities in names and identify works sharing the same or similar content. This can help to resolve an important problem in the study of early modern drama texts and clarify the history of court theater. In addition, the paper discusses how the database of Ming and Qing dynasty court drama established by the TEXTCOURT research project make use of the digital approach to systematically link the texts of such overlapping court plays that carry different titles but share the same or largely similar content. In proposing a need to establish codes for individual scripts, the paper considers broader issues in early modern textual cultures and calls for more critical attention to textual studies of these and other vast corpora from this period.