檳榔依賴者的多面向抑制控制

On Multifaceted Inhibitory Control in Betel-Quid-Dependent Chewers

檳榔被認為是一種致癌物質。先前對檳榔嚼食者抑制控制能力的研究，主要聚焦於抑制控制功能的某一特定面向（例如抑制優勢反應），而未在多面向框架下全面檢視其抑制控制能力。本研究探討檳榔嚼食者是否在抑制控制的三個不同功能上表現出較差的抑制控制能力：強勢反應抑制、對干擾物的抗干擾能力以及抗前向干擾。使用反向眼跳任務、側翼任務和最近探測任務分別測量這三種抑制功能。共有三組男性參與者：39名同時使用檳榔、菸草與酒精的檳榔成癮組，39名使用菸草與酒精的對照組，以及41名健康對照組。在反向眼跳任務，正確率沒有組間差異。在側翼任務中，三組在反應時間和錯誤率方面呈現出相似的模式。也就是說，當旁側刺激與目標不一致時，比起一致時，反應時間更長且錯誤率更高。最後，檳榔成癮組在最近探測任務中顯示出比兩個對照組更差的主動干擾抗干擾能力。也就是說，當當前目標詞最近曾出現在第n-1次嘗試中但未出現在當前記憶集合時，檳榔成癮組需要更長的時間並且出現更多的錯誤來產生負向反應。總結而言，我們發現檳榔成癮者在抗前向干擾的抑制控制能力上表現較差。而在強勢反應抑制及對干擾物的抗干擾能力，這些檳榔成癮者與兩個對照組之間並無差異。

Betel-quid (BQ) is regarded as a human carcinogen. Previous studies on the inhibitory control abilities of BQ chewers have primarily focused on a specific aspect of inhibitory control function (e.g., prepotent response inhibition) without comprehensively examining inhibitory control abilities within the multifaceted framework. This study explored whether BQ chewers exhibit poorer inhibitory control across three distinct functions of inhibitory control: prepotent response inhibition, resistance to distractor interference, and resistance to proactive interference (PI). The antisaccade task, the flanker task and the recent-probe task are employed to measure the three inhibition functions, respectively. There were three groups of male participants: 39 BQ dependent chewers with concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol (BQD), 39 tobacco- and alcohol-user controls (TAC), and 41 healthy controls (HC). There was no between-group difference in the correct rates in the antisaccade task. In the flanker task, three groups exhibited similar patterns for response time (RT) and error rate (Err). That is, the longer RT and higher Err were found when the flankers were incongruent than when they were congruent with the target. Finally, the BQD group had a worse resistance to PI than the two control groups, measured by the recent-probe task. That is, the BQD had a longer time and higher errors to produce a negative response when the current target word was shown recently in the n-1th trial, but not at the current memory sets. To conclude, we report that the dependent BQ chewers had worse inhibitory control of PI. These BQ chewers performed not differently from the two control groups in the inhibitory control of prepotent response and distractor interference.