以語料庫及華語教材為本之「X是Y」隱喻探析

An Analysis of“X shi Y”Metaphors in Mandarin Corpora and Learning Materials

本研究以平衡語料庫、TOCFL學習者語料庫及三套華語教材，探析簡單繫詞句「X是Y」在隱喻中的呈現，歸納出四種概念映射關係，抽象概念X-抽象概念Y（A-A）、抽象概念X-具體概念Y（A-C）、具體概念X-抽象概念Y（C-A）、具體概念X-具體概念Y（CC）。研究發現華語母語者、華語學習者及華語教材皆傾向使用C-C關係，AC或C-A關係使用雖相對較少，卻呈現更多隱喻意涵。本研究指出有標記之隱喻結構與無標記隱喻結構在映射關係的傾向不同，期能豐富華語隱喻相關研究。

This study utilized data from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese (ASBC), TOCFL Learner Corpus, and Mandarin textbooks as sources to search for simple copula sentences‘X shi Y.’We found four patterns: [Abstract X - Concrete Y (A-C)], [Concrete X - Concrete Y (C-C)], [Concrete X - Abstract Y (C-A)], and [Abstract X - Abstract Y (A-A)]. The results showed that native speakers, Mandarin learners and Mandarin textbooks all tended to use the shi metaphor structure of C-C. Though A-C and C-A structures are used less relatively, both of them express more metaphorical meanings. This study is one of the few that examined marked metaphors and found out how they are different from conventional metaphor mappings.