重構信仰與知識的同源共生關係：Jürgen Habermas 的後形上學思維的系譜學觀點

Reconstructing the Homologous and Symbiotic Relationship between Faith and Knowledge: Jürgen Habermas’Genealogical Perspective on Post-metaphysical Thinking

於本文中，筆者主要探究Habermas（哈伯馬斯）如何以後形上學思維的系譜學方法，重構信仰與知識的同源共生關係。首先，筆者將處理為何Habermas選擇信仰與知識這組關鍵概念作為鋪陳其宗教思想的主導性概念。其次，將闡釋為何我們在近代面臨後形上學思維的十字路口，必須在Hume或Kant之間做出選擇。再則，將剖析Habermas為何將哲學史視為一種後形上學思維系譜學式的學習過程。最後，筆者將針對Habermas在《也是一部哲學史》（AGP）一書中所展現出的傑出研究成果，進行批判性的反思，並提出四點值得商榷的問題，即：是否在AGP一書中避談崩解歷史？我們在Hume與Kant之外沒有第三種選擇嗎？宗教語言轉譯成公共語言沒有不可共量性的問題？理性自由光靠激勵與賦權是否足夠？

In this paper, I mainly explore how Habermas reconstructed the homologous and symbiotic relationship between faith and knowledge through a genealogical method of post-metaphysical thinking. Firstly, I will deal with why Habermas chooses the key concepts of faith and knowledge as the dominant concepts to elaborate on his religious thought. Secondly, I will explain why we have to choose between Hume or Kant when we are facing the crossroads of post-morphological thinking in modern times. Furthermore, I will analyze why Habermas regards the history of philosophy as a learning process in the style of genealogical post-metaphysical thinking, and how he addresses faith and knowledge through this genealogical method. Finally, I will critically reflect on the outstanding research results presented by Habermas in the book“Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie”(AGP) and raise four points worthy of discussion: Is there a tendency to avoid discussing the history of dissolution in AGP? We don’t have a third option outside of Hume and Kant? Are there issues regarding the incommensurability of translating religious language into public language? Is rational freedom sufficient solely through motivation and empowerment?