都市型態對建築光電潛力與能源消耗影響之初探──以臺北市為例

Exploring the Impact of the Urban Form on Building Solar Photovoltaic Potential and Energy Consumption - A Case Study of Taipei City

全球37%的碳排放來自建築部門，資料顯示建築部門減排具相當的潛力與急迫性；城市地區每年消耗超過70%的能源，隨著都市化進程，城市減碳對實現氣候變遷目標至關重要。近年相關文獻指出都市型態會通過緊湊程度、幾何特徵等因素對區域內的微氣候條件、太陽輻射量產生影響，透過改變建築內部能源使用和外部可接收的輻射量，使建築能源消耗與光電潛力產生權衡。
本研究以臺北市為實證地區，通過回顧文獻、研究設計與資料分析結果發現，都市型態指標對於建築光電潛力與能耗為同向關係，表示透過都市型態改變，增加屋頂型光電，也會增加每單位面積的能源消耗，對於減少能源消耗和提升光電使用具有權衡關係。迴歸模型得出建物平均高度、樓高標準偏差和道路覆蓋程度對光電替代率具有顯著性，其中建物平均高度的影響程度最大，密度指標則不具顯著性；此外，依據不同的都市型態分群的能源使用強度與光電替代率的關係不同，因此建議密集高層建築群可以積極發展屋頂型光電、開放高層建築群可以朝節能的方式進行策略擬定，中層建築群則可以針對都市更新區制定相關規範或是容積獎勵制度，以增加淨零觀點下實質都市發展的效益。

The building sector contributes 37% of global carbon emissions, highlighting both the potential and urgency for reduction. Urban areas consume over 70% of the world’s energy annually, making urban carbon reduction crucial for achieving climate goals. Recent studies show that urban typology affects microclimatic conditions and solar radiation through factors such as compactness and geometry, which influence the balance between building energy consumption and photovoltaic potential.
This study uses Taipei City as a study area. It was found that urban typology indicators are positively related to both photovoltaic potential and energy consumption. Increasing rooftop photovoltaics also increases energy use per unit area, indicating a trade-off between reducing energy consumption and boosting photovoltaic use. The regression model shows that average building height, height standard deviation, and road coverage significantly impact the photovoltaic substitution rate, with average building height making the greatest influence; however, density is not significant. Additionally, the relationship between energy use intensity and photovoltaic substitution rate varies by the urban form type. For dense high-rise clusters, rooftop photovoltaic development is recommended; for open high-rise clusters, strategies should focus on energy efficiency; and for mid-rise clusters, setting guidelines or volumetric incentives in urban renewal areas can enhance the benefits of urban development with net-zero goals.