從移工管理及運用調查資料來檢視失聯移工議題

Using the“Survey on Foreign Workers Management and Utilization”to Examine Relevant Issues of Undocumented Migrant Workers

本研究結合兩種研究方法來探討在臺失聯移工議題。筆者先是運用文獻分析法，綜合比較歷來研究文獻的主題與研究缺口，其次則是使用次級資料分析法，跨年串聯西元2011年至2023年，扣掉無資料的2014年，一共12個年度的「移工管理及運用調查」事業單位資料，建立「重複橫斷面資料」進行分析，提升既有資料的運用價值，並用來理解在臺失聯移工現象的歷年變化。本研究同時透過設計「二元羅吉斯迴歸分析」的分析模型，檢視事業單位工作情況對於發生失聯移工情形的影響。在分析內容中，本研究首先整理移工發生行蹤不明失聯情形和理由、事業單位在運用及管理外勞時是否遭遇困擾和困擾內容、事業單位缺工的情形，以及事業單位雇用移工的人數等議題的歷年變化。在統計模型的分析中，本研究指出事業單位在運用及管理外勞時遭遇的困擾類型、雇用的外籍勞工人數和實質加班費，會增加發生移工失聯的可能性。實質經常性薪資則有助於減少產生移工失聯的可能性。另外，相較於西元2011年，其他調查年度發生失聯移工的可能性有所增加。而營造業面臨到的失聯移工情形也比其他各種製造業來得嚴重。本研究最後提供關於「移工管理及運用調查」調查資料蒐集和發展其他調查的建議。

This study used two research methods to explore the agenda of undocumented migrant workers in Taiwan. Using the literature analysis method, this study systematically reviewed the current literature and identified an unexplored gap. Secondly, this study utilized a repeated cross-sectional dataset from the“Survey on Foreign Workers Management and Utilization,”conducted among business establishments between 2011 and 2023 (excluding 2014), as the analysis data for a secondary data analysis. This study enhanced the application value of existing data and revealed how the phenomenon of undocumented migrant workers changed in Taiwan. This study employed a binary logistic regression model to examine the likelihood of undocumented migrant workers in relation to the working conditions of business establishments. In the analysis section, this study first addressed issues such as the ratio and reasons for the presence of undocumented migrant workers, difficulties encountered by business establishments, the labor shortage situation and their responses, and the sizes of foreign workers. In the statistical model, this study suggested that difficulties encountered by business establishments, the size of foreign workers, and the actual overtime pay increased the occurrence of undocumented migrant workers. Actual recurring wages, on the other hand, reduced the occurrence of undocumented migrant workers. Furthermore, the occurrence of undocumented migrant workers increased each year compared to 2011. The construction industry also faced a more difficult situation than all manufacturing industries. This study concludes with suggestions for future data collection and survey implementations.