日治時期臺灣禁酒知識的傳播與身體規訓：以日記為探討中心

Dissemination of Temperance Knowledge and Discipline of the Body in Japanese Colonial Taiwan: A Study Based on Personal Diaries

本文以日記史料為中心，旨在探究20世紀初期禁酒知識自歐美到東亞之傳播，並嘗試觸及其對於臺灣人身體、家庭生活及社會的影響。本文發現，日治時期禁酒知識與飲酒文化同時傳入臺灣，漢人飲酒習慣因而轉變。酒精消費漸盛，縱慾飲酒的文化逐漸深入臺人的日常生活。同一時間，受到日本國內推行《未成年者飲酒禁止法》之影響，禁酒運動也快速在臺灣展開。
綜觀日治時期的禁酒知識傳播，分為三個階段。1910年代以後，與酒精有關的醫學知識大量地傳入臺灣，飲酒亦被賦予負面評價，甚至被稱為「酒害」。此後，「酒害」的概念，因應社會和國家發展的不同需求被強調。1920年代，兒童教養與家庭的價值在臺灣社會受到關注，家庭成為禁酒會知識傳播的重要場域。1938年後，臺灣進入戰時體制，同時施行《未成年者飲酒禁止法》。殖民政府主導的各種活動與節慶，配合日本帝國的精神總動員，讓國民的身體被編列成為國家戰鬥資源，逐漸被國家所掌控、規訓。禁酒知識的傳播，改變臺人對於身體健康的認知、家庭和諧的標準，以及戰爭時期的日常生活。臺人在日人飲酒文化和禁酒知識的共構下，處於禁慾與縱慾的拉扯之中。

This study examines the dissemination of temperance knowledge from Europe and the United States to East Asia in the early 20th century, focusing on its impact on Taiwanese society, family life and bodily health. The research finds that anti-alcohol knowledge and modern drinking culture were simultaneously introduced to Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. Under the influence of Japanese culture, traditional drinking habits of Han Chinese gradually transformed. Alcohol consumption became increasingly widespread, and a culture of indulgent drinking permeated daily life in Taiwan. At the same time, inspired by Japan’s Minor Drinking Prohibition Act, the temperance movement gained momentum in Taiwan.
The dissemination of anti-alcohol knowledge unfolded in three stages. After the 1910s, medical knowledge concerning alcohol was extensively introduced to Taiwan, and drinking was increasingly framed as a health threat, even referred to as“alcohol harm”(shuhai). Subsequently, the concept of“alcohol harm”was emphasized to meet evolving social and national development needs. In the 1920s, as child-rearing and family values gained attention in Taiwanese society, the family became a central site for temperance education. After 1938, under a wartime regime, the Minor Drinking Prohibition Act was implemented. Public celebrations and government-sponsored events, in line with Japan’s spirit of total mobilization, recast citizens’bodies as national resources subject to surveillance and discipline. The dissemination of temperance knowledge reshaped Taiwanese perceptions of bodily health, family harmony, and everyday life during wartime. Ultimately, under the coexistence of Japanese drinking culture and temperance ideology, Taiwanese society was caught in an enduring tension between indulgence and abstinence, pleasure and discipline.