強制解密及不自證己罪權利

Compelled Encrption and the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination

這一篇論文中，探究了加密技術在當今數位時代中，不自證己罪權利的保障及犯罪的有效偵查之間的必要平衡。加密指的是，將人們能夠閱讀的明文，按照一定規則，轉譯為無法直接理解的密文的技術。加密技術的普遍應用使得個人比過往更能夠保護自身的資訊隱私，但同時也大大地增加了犯罪偵查上的困難。當偵查機關命特定人輸入密碼，涉及到了不自證己罪權利，其是否得主張此一權利，及有無例外，都是問題。在參考美國司法實務上的判決及學理上的討論後可以知道，輸入密碼的行為構成供述，而可能得主張不自證己罪權利，但當供述的內容屬於已知事實時，則為例外。為了更為周延地因應此一問題，立法者應儘速修正刑事訴訟法，明確規範命令輸入密碼的要件及程序。至於規範的內容，可以參考美國和英國的相關法制。

This paper discusses the necessary balance between the protection of the privilege against self-incrimination and the effectiveness of investigation in the contemporary digital era, with a particular focus on the role of encryption technology. Encryption is the process of transforming readable plaintext into ciphertext, which is unintelligible without proper decryption, following specific algorithms or rules. The ubiquitous adoption of encryption has significantly given individuals’ability to safeguard their data and privacy, yet it has simultaneously exacerbated the challenges faced by law enforcement in criminal investigations. When investigative authorities compel an individual to input a password, this raises critical legal questions, particularly regarding whether the privilege against self-incrimination can be invoked in such circumstances, and if so, under what exceptions, if any, this right might be limited. By examining U.S. judgments and scholarly discussions, it becomes apparent that the act of entering a password can be construed as testimonial in nature, thereby potentially triggering the protection of the privilege against self-incrimination. However, when the content disclosed through such testimony pertains to facts already known to the authorities, an exception to this right may apply. To more effectively address these issues, it is imperative for legislators to urgently revisevthe Code of Criminal Procedure to clearly outline the criteria and procedures for compelling the entry of passwords, drawing on relevant legal frameworks and experiences from the United States and the United Kingdom.