功能性前科消滅理念之提倡，以犯罪前科與犯罪記錄的關係為切入點

犯罪前科制度與犯罪記錄制度是兩種不同的法律制度，犯罪記錄兼具刑事處罰與行政管理的目的，與犯罪前科在判斷視角、生成條件、滅失條件等方面存在顯著差異。前科消滅與複權雖然都能恢復犯罪人的權利，但複權是一種“立足當下並展望未來”的制度，而前科消滅是一種“回溯過去並消除刑事法律關係”的制度，因此二者在本質上也存在差異。世界範圍內，撤銷刑事定罪(複權與前科消滅的必經程序)與犯罪記錄處置之間存在一般關係、親密關系、極端關係三種對應關係。大體而言，採取複權制度的國家，它們對於犯罪記錄的態度相對寬鬆，而採取前科消滅制度的國家則更顯嚴格。針對這些立法範式，結合犯罪前科的弊端消除、犯罪記錄的社會價值以及我國規範的設定模式與刑事追訴體系的制度特點等因素，我國應當採取功能性的前科消滅理念，即我國犯罪記錄制度的構建應當以徹底消除刑事法律關係為根本底線，並儘量發揮犯罪記錄的社會功效。

The criminal record system and the prior conviction system are two different legal systems. As criminal records serve both criminal punishment and administrative management purposes, they differ significantly from prior convictions in terms of perspective of judgment, conditions for establishment, and conditions for extinction. While both the expungement of the previous conviction and rehabilitation can restore rights to offenders, rehabilitation is a system grounded in the present and looking toward the future, whereas the expungement of the previous conviction is a system retrospectively eliminating criminal legal relationships. Thus, they also differ in essence. Globally, the relationship between the revocation of criminal convictions (a prerequisite for both rehabilitation and expungement of prior convictions) and the disposal of criminal records falls into three categories: general, close, or extreme. Generally, countries adopting rehabilitation system tend to have more lenient attitudes toward criminal records, while those adopting the system of expungement of prior convictions are are stricter. Considering these legislative paradigms, combined with the elimination of the disadvantages of prior convictions, the social value of criminal records, China's regulatory framework, and the characteristics of our criminal prosecution system, China should adopt a functional concept of elimination of the prior criminal conviction, that is to say, China's criminal record system should be constructed in order to completely eliminate criminal legal relations as the fundamental bottom line, and try to give full play to the social efficacy of the criminal record.