“數字拉齊”：數字法治議題的知識線索與分析框架

新技術給社會不同人群帶來的影響往往是不均質的，這種差異化影響為認知、分析數字法治領域相關議題提示了一種可能視角。作為知識線索和分析框架的“數字拉齊”，將技術應用的出現和擴展視為導致本限於精英群體的受惠與困擾向普通民眾擴散的社會過程。“數字拉齊”提供了一種有關諸多數字法治議題生成邏輯的解釋。在身份認證、智能法律服務、智能個人助理等典型場景中，“數字拉齊”可能以不同形式呈現，並對應相互區別的治理思路。當新技術應用被認為未給民眾帶來充分受惠、卻使其面臨更多新的困擾，即導致“非對稱拉齊”時，嚴格監管的社會呼聲更容易出現，也有更強的正當性與合理性。而若新技術應用給民眾帶來的受惠與困擾基本相當，或受惠明顯超出困擾時，治理者更宜選取審慎監管策略，乃至採取以鼓勵創新、推動發展為主旨的舉措。

The rise of new technologies often creates differentiated welfare impacts across social groups. The conception of“digital leveling”, as an analytical framework, views the emergence and expansion of novel technological applications as a social process that spreads benefits and burdens previously confined to elite groups outward to the general public. This framework not only helps explain how various digital law and governance issues come into being but also has normative implications. Various manifestations of“digital leveling”can be identified through practical scenarios such as identity authentication, AI-powered legal services, and intelligent personal assistants. The framework also proves useful for analyzing differentiated governance strategies tailored to specific technological applications. When novel technologies fail to deliver sufficient benefits to the public while simultaneously creating new burdens, resulting in“asymmetric leveling”, calls for strict regulation naturally arise and carry stronger legitimacy. Conversely, when technologies bring about benefits that roughly match their burdens, or when benefits clearly outweigh burdens, policymakers should adopt more cautious regulatory approaches, or even implement institutional measures aimed primarily at encouraging and promoting innovation.