國際條約作準中文本的確定及其法律意義

正確地認識和使用國際條約的多文字文本，尤其是作準中文本，對於中國推進涉外法治和促進國際法治至關重要。絕大多數條約在其最後條款或昭信條款中規定了作準文本，由此可以得知某項條約是否有作準中文本。作準中文本具有權威地位，任何其他中譯本都無法與之對抗。在使用條約的中文本時，應當避免將條約的作準中文本視為其他文本特別是英文本的“譯本”，兩者存有差別時也不應以英文本為准、為尊。條約各同等作準文本的效力完全相同且平等，沒有正誤高下之分，不能僅以某項條約以某一文字起草即賦予使用該文字的文本更高的效力。對於條約作準中文本存在的問題，應按照《維也納條約法公約》確立的規則解決。在我國的國際法律和涉外法治工作中，應當高度重視國際條約中文本的妥善運用。

To identify and use the multilingual texts of international treaties in correct ways, especially the authentic Chinese texts, is crucial for China to promote the foreign-related rule of law and the international rule of law. Most treaties specify their authentic texts in their final clauses or testimonium, from which the existence of authentic Chinese text can be determined. Only authenticated Chinese texts are definitive and authentic and therefore have authoritative status, which other translated Chinese versions cannot contravene. When using the Chinese texts, what must be avoided is to treat the authentic Chinese text of a treaty as a“translation”of a text in another language, especially in English, and once any divergences are found between a Chinese text and an English text, to regard the latter as prevailing and dominating. The legal validity of all equally authentic texts is completely identical and equal, without distinction of right or wrong, superior or inferior. The mere fact that a treaty is originally drafted in a certain language shall not be the reason to grant the text in that language a prevailing status. Any existing problems of authentic Chinese texts shall be addressed in accordance with the relevant rules established by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. In the work of international law and the foreign-related rule of law in China, the proper use of Chinese texts of treaties should be taken seriously.