法學知識生產的動力學原理

知識生產的驅動力既是理解法學學科現狀的一把鑰匙，也是構建自主法學知識體系的推進器。大數據顯示，我國1999至2023年的法學知識生產主要受三種動力的驅使:法政策的驅動、法與社會互動關係的驅動、學者個體內在動力的驅動。前兩種外在動力與個人內在動力的交互作用，塑造了兩種不同的知識生產模式。一是法政策指引下的招投標模式，法政策的出臺近似于集中招標，學術研究的議題、議程和知識類型均受外部法政策的指引，學者個人則是迎合法政策的變化而開展研究，知識生產因此呈現出刺激與響應的周期性循環。二是法與社會互動環境下的市場化模式，其學術議題、議程和學術風格主要源於職業共同體在回應法律運行需求中的自主選擇，社會需求與個人興趣的激勵相容激發了持久連貫的知識生產動力。法學的繁榮發展需要知識的多元化，招投標模式雖可彙聚資源應對燃眉之急，但卻無法打造多元共生與可持續發展的學術生態系統，良好學術生態系統的構成要素只能從市場化的知識生產模式中孕育產生。

The driving forces behind knowledge production serve as both a key to understanding the current situation of the legal discipline and a catalyst for constructing an autonomous system of legal knowledge. Big data analysis reveals that legal knowledge production in China from 1999 to 2023 has been primarily driven by three forces: legal policies, law-society interactions, and motivations of individual scholars. The interaction between these external and internal forces has shaped two models of knowledge production. The first is the tender model. In this model, the legislative planning and policies resemble a centralized tender call; the research topics, agendas, and types of knowledge are directed by these legal policies, with scholars aligning their research to accommodate policy shifts. The second is the market- oriented model. Its research topics, agendas, and styles primarily stem from the collective choices of the professional community in responding to the needs of law-society interactions. This helps maintain a sustained and coherent driving force for knowledge production. The prosperity of legal science necessitates intellectual diversity. While the tender model can concentrate resources to address immediate concerns, it falls short of fostering a pluralistic and sustainable academic ecosystem. The components of a robust academic ecosystem can only be cultivated within the market-oriented model.