辭章「多」、「二」、「一（0）」螺旋結構論

The “Multiple, Binary, and Unitary （Zero）” Spiral Structure In Chinese Literary Works

在哲學或美學上，對所謂「對立的統一」、「多樣的統一」，即「二而一」、「多而一」之概念，都非常重視。這種概念，如尋源於《周易》與《老子》等古籍，則可由「有象」而「無象」，找出「多、二、一（0）」之逆向結構；也可由「無象」而「有象」，尋得「（0）一、二、多」之順向結構；並且透過《老子》「反者道之動」（四十章）、「凡物芸芸，各復歸其根」（十六章）與《周易．序卦》「既濟」而「未濟」之說，將順、逆向結構不僅前後連接在一起，更形成循環、提昇不已的螺旋結構，以反映宇宙人生生生不息的基本規律。本文即以此「多」、「二」、「一（0）」之螺旋結構為基礎，由辭章之內涵及其邏輯去尋找其「多、二、一（0）」結構，從而探討它與「意象」之關係，以見辭章整體之邏輯性。

It is important in Philosophy and Esthetics to deal with the concept of “adverse unity” and “diverse unity”. The former is a process from duality to unity, and the latter is from multiplicity to unity. This concept originated from Chinese classics such as Zhou Yi (including Book of Changes and Explication on Book of Changes), where the transit from “physics” to “metaphysic” implies a reverse structure (i.e., the “multiple, binary, and unitary (zero)” structure) and that from “metaphysic to physics” involves a compliant sequence (i.e., the “(zero) unitary, binary and multiple structure”). There are similar thoughts in other classics. For example, Lao Tze said, “The motion of the Way is to return” (Ch. 40, Tao Te Chin) and “All the flourishing things will return to their source” (Ch.16). Besides, the notion of “Fulfillment and Non-fulfillment” in The Order of Hexagram Symbols, Book of Change (Zhou Yi, Xu Qua) also suggests an endless circulation in life and the universe. These philosophies can be integrated as a spiral structure; that is, an interactive and revolving process between the compliant and the reverse sequences. Such a structure can be applicable to philosophy and aesthetics. This article discusses the connotation and the logic of the “multiple, binary, and unitary (zero) ” spiral structure by exampling from Chinese literary works. Based on this structure, I also explore its relation with images and demonstrate the logic of Chinese literary works.