文學創作在文體規範下的經緯結構歷程關係

Style Regulation and the Longitude-Latitude Relationship of Literary Creation

「文學創作論」是一種複雜的系統性知識，涉及文學創作的根源、主客觀因素條件、文體規範、語言形式結構與修辭的法則、技術等抽象理論；也涉及文學家的文學觀念與創作心理過程。甚至涉及文學家所處的文學歷史傳統與社會文化情境。而且，各層面的知識應該加以整合，才能建構系統性的「文學創作論」。
然而，不管古代或現代，一般論述者卻常將如此複雜的系統性知識，簡化為語言形式結構及修辭技法的論述而已。他們幾乎都將文學創作活動從「文學歷史」與「文學社群」抽離出來，視為一種靜態、孤立、抽象的議題；而沒有將文學創作活動，置入「歷史存在」與「社會存在」之「經緯結構歷程關係」的情境中去論述。
本文主題是：「文學創作在文體規範下的經緯結構歷程關係」。這個主題與一般學者所論不同，乃在於我們理解到，中國古代優秀的文學家不管創作或批評，都意識到自己的文學活動乃在「文學歷史」與「文學社群」的存在情境中展開；故「文學創作」不只是個人孤立狀態下的憑空想像與修辭技法操作，而有其文學歷史及社群的時空向度，並實際顯現於文學家所感知的「存在時空位置」及其所面對的「文體規範」。因此，本文是將中國古代文學家的創作及其論述，置入「文學歷史」與「文學社群」經緯交錯的結構與歷程中，去進行種種辯證性「關係」的意義詮釋。

Literary creation theory is a systematic knowledge which involved the origin of literary creation, style regulation, discourse rules and rhetoric techniques; in addition, it was also concerned with the writer’s literature philosophy and the process of the literary creation. Furthermore, we might even consider the writer’s historical social background and the literature tradition. By integrating the above mentioned factors of literary creation, we can construct a solid and systematic knowledge of literary creation theory.
However, discourses from the present time or the past tended to simplify such a complex systematic knowledge into the form concerning only the language structure and the rhetoric techniques. Instead of treating the process of literary creation as the interaction among historical being, social existence, and the longitude-latitude relationship, the discourses seemed to isolate the process of literary creation from the literature context and the literature community, regarding this process as a static, isolated, and abstract issue.
The topic of this paper is “Style Regulation and the Longitude-Latitude Relationship of Literary Creation.” Contrary to other researchers’ interpretations, this paper proposed that famous writers in ancient China conducted their works under the context of literature history and literature community. Therefore, literary creation was defined as the writer’s perception of his being and interaction with the whole society and the relavant style regulation but not the writer’s own imagination and rhetoric manipulations. In conclusion, this paper interpreted the ancient Chinese writers’ literary works based on the style regulation and the longitude-latitude relationship under the domain of literature history and literature community.