譚嗣同師弟關係考辨

Clarification of Tan Ssu-t’ung’s Teacher-student Relationship

本文試圖從譚嗣同的師弟關係探究譚嗣同開始接觸王夫之思想實來自劉人熙的推薦，而非由歐陽中鵠，且可能受到船山思想的部分影響，然因革命派與學者刻意解釋下，譚嗣同在近代歷史的角色和地位，從原本改革者的身分，一轉而成為革命派的先鋒。此外，譚嗣同和歐陽中鵠因興算一事，引起了許多的爭議，原本相交甚善的劉人熙，毅然站在反對的立場，橫加阻攔，原因即在譚氏等人一意仿效陳亮、永嘉事功，而遠離了船山、朱子的聖人之道，並將永嘉事功具體落實在興算學一事，從而引起劉人熙的反感。「改時文」事件對譚嗣同、唐才常與其師歐陽中鵠之間的影響，則在於「學術宗旨」的爭辯。歐陽中鵠因不滿譚、唐兩人皆已「依附康黨」，而使師弟之間的關係不僅因為觀念上的差異而漸行漸遠，同時也藉由此一事件，反映出湖南新政推展過程中所產生的種種矛盾。而綜觀譚嗣同對佛學思想的闡述，時間相當晚，乃因受到歐陽中鵠與劉人熙的影響，以及對船山思想的理解，譚氏早年固難以接受佛學，但事功思想卻成為一個轉機，而形成其特有的「經世佛學」。

This article make a point that Tan Ssu-t’ung started to contact Wang Fu-chih’s thought was recommended by Liu Jen-hsi, rather than Ou-yang Chung-ku, and he possibly came under Wang’s part influence. With the revolutionaries and scholar’s intentional explanation, Tan’s modern history role and position were changed from the original status of the reformer into a revolutionary vanguard. In addition, because of the reform incident, many disputes were caused between Tan and Ou-yang. One of Ou-yang’s best friends Liu Jen-hsi, resolutely stood in opposition to hinder their effort because he thought Tan and Ou-yang deliberately imitated Ch’en Liang and Yung-chia Utilitarian and gave away from Wang Fu-chih and Chu Hsi’s road of sage. Tan and Ou-yang implemented Yung-chia Utilitarian in Promotion of Mathematical Studies, and then it caused Liu’s resentment. The influence of events of reform Eight-legged Essay to Tan Ssu-t’ung, Tang Ts’ai-ch’ang and Ou-yang Chung-ku was about academic purposes debates, because Ou-yang was somewhat dissatisfied with Tan and Tang attaching to K’ang Yu-wei’s party. The relationship between teachers and students distanced themselves by their different ideas, and it reflected all sorts of contradictions in process of the Hunan “foreign matters” movement. Moreover, Tan expounded on Buddhist thought very late maybe under the influence of Wang Fu-chih’s thought via Ou-yang and Liu. Although Tan could accept the Buddhist studies after his former years, yet the statecraft-conscious might become a turning point to form his unique pragmatism of Buddhism.