兩宋豪放詞之典範與突破──以蘇、辛雜體詞為例

The Model and Breakthrough of “Bold and Unconstrained Lyrics” in Sung Dynasty–Su Shih and Hsin Chi-chi's “Tsa-ti-tzu, ” for example

本論文為探討兩宋豪放詞之典範與突破，乃以蘇、辛九種「雜體詞」為例，分蘇、辛所共有及蘇、辛所獨有兩大類，舉證論述。前者包含集句體、檃括體、嵌字體、俳諧體、散文體五種，均由東坡導之於前，稼軒破之於後，終乃樹立個人之風貌。後者包含回文體、辭賦體、福唐體、效他體四種，此中回文體，宋詞凡三式，即逐句回文、半闋回文、整闋回文；東坡已創前兩式，稼軒詞中乃無此體，自未能就第三式破東坡之規模，誠屬眾體中之例外。至於辭賦體，係稼軒獨創，後人亦戛戛乎難以為繼；而福唐體、效他體，雖北宋已見，然稼軒終能突破藩籬，別開生面，一以說鍊丹，一以呈現效他體之兩種體式。而此三體乃東坡所無，可證就雜體詞之填作而論，稼軒涉及之面向實勝於東坡；亦可見後人以前人為典範之餘，必尋求突破之道，方能別立一宗也。

The research inquired into the models and breakthroughs of “Bold and Unconstrained Lyrics” in Sung Dynasty and focused on nine kinds of “Tsa-ti-tzu”（mixed lyrics） written by Su Shih and Hsin Chi-chi. There were two categories of “Tsa-ti-tzu;” one belonged to Su Shih and Hsin Chi-chi's, the other either to Su Shih's or to Hsin Chi-chi's. The author gave a lot of examples and expounded completely. Both Su Shih and Hsin Chi-chi wrote five styles of “Tsa-ti-tzu, ” such as “Sentence-collecting, ” “Quotation, ” ”Word-embedding, ” “Humorous” and “Prose” styles. These five styles of “Tsa-ti-tzu” were led by Su Shih and Hsin Chi-chi made a breakthrough. The rest four kinds of “Tsa-ti-tzu” were “Hui-wen”(the last word of a line used as the first word of the following line, ) “Prose-poetry, ” ”Fu-tang”（the line in rhyme ended by the same word） and “Imitative” styles. Especially, there were three forms of “Hui-wen style, ” two of which were created by Su Shih. It was a real exception that none was found in Hsin Chi-chi's works. “Prose-poetry style” was invented by Hsin Chi-chi and no descendants followed. However, “Fu-tang style” and “Imitative style” showed up in Northern Sung Dynasty and Hsin Chi-chi made a breakthrough. It was said that Hsin Chi-chi could make it because of elixir refining and also because of the other way of presenting the “Imitative style.” There were no evidences of “Hui-wen, ” ”Fu-tang” and “Imitative” styles found in Su Shih's so we could infer that Hsin Chi-chi exceeded Su Shih. Therefore, the descendants could be models as long as they did their best to make a breakthrough and create a new sect.