文本閱讀之客觀性——再探譚家哲經典釋義方法

On the Objectivity of the Reading of Text: a further examination of the method of Interpretation of the Classics of Tan Jia-zhe

吳冠宏先生在〈歷解式與結構化的對話──譚家哲《論語平解》的詮釋風貌及其反思〉一文中，將譚家哲先生的經學研究，定位為與歷代經解皆不相同的獨特類型，並以「結構化」統稱其詮釋方法。本文因該文啟發，遂以為起點，就譚家哲經學詮釋理念與實際分析成果，進一步展示。譚氏經解雖具鮮明的結構分析特色，然此操作方法僅其釋義表現之一，目的在勾稽文本思維理路，展現文本內在整體。譚氏重視文本閱讀之客觀性，而閱讀能否趨近客觀，和人們是否具備準確理解力，以及詮釋內容是否有作為思想道理的普遍正確性有關。譚家哲對此，除了透過經典全本釋義，全面處理文本內各項解讀問題，更以文本深層思維為閱讀所在層次，由對象在客觀世界中實際涉及之全部面向構成對對象的理解。通過調整釋義方法，文本意涵更趨充實，詮釋結論亦因建立在編纂歸返正常化及文本對象之客觀性上，而減低主觀影響。

In the paper Commentaries and Structural Analysis Meet: a Study of the Interpretative Universe of Tan Jia-zhe’s Luenyu Pingjie and its Implications of Wu Kuan-hung, the study of the Classics of Tan Jia-zhe is viewed as a distinctive type of analysis of the Classics as different from the traditional commentary way of interpretation, and Wu named it as the “structural” way. Our paper takes this as starting point, and through the different results that Tan has achieved, re-examines his viewpoint of the interpretation of the Classics. The method of Tan emphasizes on the objectivity of the reading of texts, and its possibility rests on the exact understanding of their meanings through a global way of comprehension. Interpretation is not done only through the complete text, analyzing all the problems involved, but even more through a deep level analysis, taking the deep level thinking as more basic, and the understanding of any object is done through the analysis or understanding of the global or total background that is concerned. Such a way of reading enriches the meaning of the text, giving it a more definite resolution, as well as showing more the significance that classical texts should have in their intellectual value.