論佛經中的「都盧皆」和「悉都盧」

Study On The Words 'DULUJIE' And 'XIDULU' In Chinese Buddhist Scripture

漢代就已經用到「都盧」一詞，但是意義與後世不同。當時是一個專有名詞。唐代慧琳的《一切經音義》提到這個詞語，卻解讀為屋子結構的專名。「都盧」一詞在佛經中見於道行般若經（後漢），可知這個詞產生的時代很早。用在一般的文學作品，則至唐代才出現。佛經中「都盧」一詞的意義到底如何呢？《佛光大辭典》都盧：全部之意。在《道行般若經》裡頭的「都盧」往往以三音節的「都盧皆」構句。顯然，東漢的《道行般若經》應該解釋作「統統、全部」的意思。所以能和「皆」字搭配。這個三音節詞並非佛經文體的需要而產生，由上面各句可以看出東漢的《道行般若經》還沒有四字的節奏形式，因此，與某些三音節詞是為了湊成四字而臨時出現「三音節加上一個單音節」的造句情況不同。上面各句中的「都盧皆」，如果換成「都盧」節奏上仍然可通。因此，我們認為三音節的「都盧皆」不是一個臨時的構詞，而是固定的社會常用詞。也就是說，當時詞彙逐漸從單音節發展到複音節，並非都向雙音發展，雙音化反而是後來詞彙形式選擇淘汰的結果，慢慢才固定為雙音節，成為漢語構詞的主流。在《道行般若經》裡，還有「悉都盧」的三音節構詞形式。也是同義並列詞。本文針對佛經語言中這個詞語進行分析觀察，描述其意義、用法、以及語法功能，希望透過這樣的研究，對中古漢語詞彙的了解能提供一些參考。對佛經語言的解讀也能提供一些幫助。

We can find the word 'DULU' in the Chinese Buddhist scripture of Han Dynasty. But it has different meanings in the history. It is used as a proper noun in Han Dynasty. It also appeared in (YI QIE JING YIN YI' by HUEILIN of Tang Dynasty. But it is explained as 'part of the structure of a building? The word 'DULU' first appeared in the Chinese Buddhist Scripture 'DAO XING BAN ROU JING' of late HAN Dynasty. In literature works, it first appeared in Tang Dynasty. How was it used and how was it explained in Chinese Buddhist scripture? According to the FOGUANG Buddhist Dictionary, it means 'ALL'. In DAO XING BAN ROU JING', and it is always made of a three-syllable word 'DULUJIE'. We may infer that its meaning must be 'ALL, ENTIRE, OR WHOLE', so it could be used together with the word 'JIE'. The three-syllable word 'DULUJIE' was used very often in those days. It has another variant form 'XIDULU in Buddhist scripture. In this article, we hope to find the actual usage and the grammatical function in those days by careful analysis and research.