吳興華的意義：一個「文化」詩學的理解

The meaning of Wu Xinghua: An Analysis from the Perspective of “Cultural” Poetics

本文從文化詩學的角度切入，重新梳理吳興華（1921-1966）的中國現代詩中常被忽略，但具有深刻的文化意涵的面向，關注詩人通過詩歌書寫展現高度的文化自覺——在中日戰爭生存的威脅與西方文學的雙重刺激之下，吳興華如何借由對古典的反覆凝視，重塑一種「過去—當代」的詩形與詩意。
我們以吳興華的現代漢詩為主要分析對象，並且將作者書札、翻譯與文論等文獻材料合觀互證，呈現吳興華作為文化詩學研究的個案的深度與廣度。另外，借由這樣的研究視角，為吳興華及其時代的詩學特質，提出具有補充意義的闡述。本文歸納出詩形實踐、用典、場域移轉三個相互關聯的詩學議題作為觀察重點，探討吳興華如何形構二十世紀中葉特殊的文化詩學問題。

This paper will re-evaluate Wu Xinghua (1921-1966)’s poetry from the perspective of cultural poetics. There are a number of facets of Wu’s work which, within the history of modern Chinese poetry, have largely been ignored, but possess important cultural significance. The paper will focus on how the author expressed a high level of cultural self-awareness through his poetry. In particular, it will examine how under the twin creative impetuses of the war of resistance against the Japanese as well as his engagement with Western literature. Wu re-engaged with Chinese poetic classics in under to re-construct a poetic form and sensibility that breached the gap between the past and the contemporary moment.
Taking Wu’s oeuvre as a case-study in cultural poetics, we combine analysis of his poetic texts, as well as his translations and letters, to reveal the depth and complexity of Wu’s work. We closely analyze three interrelated dimensions of Wu’s poetics: his use of form, allusion, and his transposition of traditional elements. In approaching Wu from such a perspective, we are able to clearly elucidate the characteristics of Wu Xinghua’s poetics, as well as outline its generational significance.