宮城與廢墟的對視——元代文學中的大安閣書寫

The Visions of Palace and Ruins: Da An Ge Poems in Yuan Dynasty Literature

大安閣是元代一座原名熙春閣，從汴京遷移至上京，又被更名為大安閣的宮殿。元代文學對於這座宮殿的地景敘事、再現和想像，即大安閣書寫。大安閣一直是元代上京紀行詩中最重要的主題之一，元人在書寫上京時，經常標舉出大安閣，在面向盛世的凝視中，卻又無可迴避於其前朝身世。而在汴京開展的大安閣書寫，則提供了另一種觀看視域。因為汴京的大安閣書寫不是當下的凝視，而是在宮殿被遷移之後，透過文字，召喚空間之記憶。置身於同一個時代，上京與汴京的書寫者分從不同的軸線來展示當代的一座宮殿，讓大安閣書寫同時蘊含著宮城想像與廢墟記憶。這讓它成為元代文學中獨特而具時代意義的題材，亦與中國傳統的宮殿書寫大異其趣。本文將以文化地理學做為主要參考架構，探析元代文學中大安閣書寫的意義與內涵，希冀藉由此一討論，拓展元代文學的研究層面。

Da An Ge is a formerly named Xichun Ge palace during Yuan Dynasty. It was firstly moving from Bianjing to Shangdu, then has been renamed the Da An Ge. In Yuan Dynasty literature, articles describing the landscape for this narrative, representation and imagination are called Da An Ge Writing. Da An Ge writing has always been one of the most important themes in the Shangdu travelling poetry. It was regularly been brought up in Yuan poetry where there is a gaze of Golden Age, but couldn’t avoid their former life experience. Da An Ge poetry in Bianjing provides another view as the domain. Because the writing is not about presenting gaze, but it is recalling space memory after the palace being migrated. In the same era, the writers of Shangdu and Bianjing shown a contemporary palace from a different axis. This allows the writings contain both the imagination of palace and memory of ruins. And that makes the writings became an unique and literary significance subject matter of Yuan Dynasty, which also makes so different to traditional Chinese palaces poetries. This project will use the cultural geography as the main reference framework to analyzes the meaning and cultivation of the Da An Ge writings. It is expecting, through this discussion, Yuan Dynasty literature research level will be expended.