張家山漢簡《蓋廬》中的黃帝與陰陽流兵法

On the Relation Between “Huangdi”and“Yinyang”'s Art of War in the Ancient Bamboo Book “Gailu”of the Western Han Dynasty in Jiangling's Zhang jia shan

江陵縣張家山西漢墓出土的《蓋廬》是帶有兵陰陽家色彩的古代兵書。《漢書‧藝文志‧（兵）陰陽》項中所記錄的著作既已不存於世，其具體運用方法遂成千古之謎。因此，現今的《蓋廬》即成為研究兵陰陽家的寶貴資料。與《十六經》相同，本篇中也出現了作為天之運行規律發現者的黃帝。然而與之迵異的是，書中不僅四時，將五行也作為黃帝之業績。四時、五行在《蓋廬》的陰陽流兵法中佔有非常重要的位置。本篇具體內容主要是根據四時與五行的推移，占卜選擇戰鬥的時宜與攻擊方向。而本篇作者則將此陰陽流兵法與黃帝相結合，將之偽托為黃帝以來的兵法，遂使其權威化。

Abstract: Unearthed from the tomb of the early western Han Dynasty in Jiangling's Zhang jia shan, “Gailu” is an ancient bamboo book on the art of war which reflects “Bingyinyangjia”'s character. With“Bingyinyangjia”'s text in “Hanshu-yiwenzhi”having disappeared , it had previously been impossible to know these specific contents. Therefore, “ Gailu）”became a valuable book. As in “Shiliujing”, in this book too there appears a “Huangdi”who has uncovered the laws of the universe. However, “Gailu”presents not only “Sishi”, but also “Wuxing”as the “Huangdi”'s achievement. “Sishi”and “Wuxing”occupy an important position in “Gailu” 's art of war. The main contents of this book pertain to the choice of favorable timing in battle and direction of attack based on “Sishi”and “Wuxing”. The author of this book united “yinyang art of war”and “Huangdi”, disguising this as“Huangdi” 's art of war.